Venous Thromboembolism Among People With HIV: Design, Implementation, and Findings of a Centralized Adjudication System in Clinical Care Sites Across the United States

Abstract

BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We conducted this study to characterize VTE including provoking factors among PWH in the current treatment era. METHODS: We included PWH with VTE between 2010-2020 at six sites in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort. We ascertained for possible VTE using diagnosis, VTE-related imaging, and VTE-related procedure codes, followed by centralized adjudication of primary data by expert physician reviewers. We evaluated sensitivity and positive predictive value of VTE ascertainment approaches. VTEs were classified by type and anatomic location. Reviewers identified provoking factors such as hospitalizations, infections, and other potential predisposing factors such as smoking. RESULTS: We identified 557 PWH with adjudicated VTE: 239 (43%) had pulmonary embolism (PE) with or without deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and 318 (57%) had DVT alone. Ascertainment with clinical diagnoses alone missed 6% of VTEs identified with multiple ascertainment approaches. DVTs not associated with intravenous lines were most often in the proximal lower extremities. Among PWH with VTE, common provoking factors included recent hospitalization (n=134, 42%), infection (n=133, 42%), and immobilization/bed rest (n=78, 25%). Only 57 (10%) PWH had no provoking factor identified. Smoking (46%), HIV viremia (27%) and injection drug use (22%) were also common. CONCLUSION: We conducted a robust adjudication process that demonstrated the benefits of multiple ascertainment approaches followed by adjudication. Provoked VTEs were more common than unprovoked events. Non-traditional and modifiable potential predisposing factors such as viremia and smoking were common.

Multifocal superficial thrombophlebitis of the extremities in HIV infection

“…f КОМОРБИДНЫЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ * ВВЕДЕНИЕ В настоящее время появление эффективной анти ретровирусной терапии и своевременное примене ние профилактических мероприятий для предотвра щения оппортунистических инфекций резко снизили смертность, связанную с вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ). Однако появляется все больше дока зательств того, что метаболические нарушения, свя занные с ВИЧ-инфекцией и ее лечением, могут приво дить к повышенному риску венозных тромботических состояний [1][2][3][4][5]. На основании значительного коли чества наблюдений частота венозных тромбозов среди ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов колеблется в диапа зоне от 0,19 до 7,63% в год.…”