Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia, which develops after 48 hours of mechanical ventilatory support in a patient who does not have pneumonia prior to intubation. VAP leads to prolonged mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospitalization, overuse of antibiotics, and increased medical costs. According to the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS), one-third of all nosocomial infections in ICUs are pneumonia; of these, 83% is associated with mechanical ventilation. Care procedures should be performed in patients that have a high rısk for VAP to reduce risk factors, and early diagnosis should be provided. When VAP is diagnosed clinically, lower respiratory tract samples should be taken immediately, and empirical treatment should be started without waiting for culture results. Culture results and clinical response should be evaluated, and treatment should be reorganized in the first 48-72 hours.