Ventilatory response to CO2 in panic disorder

Zandbergen, J.; Pols, Henk; Loof, Cathrien de; Griez, Eric

doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90003-8

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To date, a small number of research teams have employed this procedure (or some modification there of) to study PD with promising results. Most investigators reported an exaggerated response among individuals with PD on at least some of the respiratory parameters [3,15,18,19]; however, some studies have failed to observe this effect [9,20]. The fact that not all individuals with PD have demonstrated this exaggerated response is consistent with the existence of subtypes of PD with distinct etiological pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Suffocation and respiratory responses to carbon dioxide and breath holding challenges in individuals with panic disorder

Rassovsky

Abrams

Kushner

2006

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Ventilation was recorded on a graph paper. As stated above, this is a well-standardized rebreathing procedure for measuring the ventilatory response to CO 2 [9,17,20].…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suffocation and respiratory responses to carbon dioxide and breath holding challenges in individuals with panic disorder

Rassovsky

Abrams

Kushner

2006

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…Their ventilation was recorded on graph paper. This is a well-standardized rebreathing procedure for measuring ventilatory response to CO 2 [Read, 1967;Woods et al, 1986;Zandbergen et al, 1991].…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because a substantial number of participants terminated the rebreathing procedure before completion of the full 5-min period, we analyzed only the first 3 min of rebreathing [see Zandbergen et al, 1991]. Doing so led to the exclusion of only one participant from the analysis.…”

Section: Ventilatory Response To Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for respiratory and nonrespiratory subtypes in panic disorder

2006

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Recently researchers have posited a "respiratory" subtype of panic disorder (PD), which differs from "nonrespiratory" subtypes in phenomenology and perhaps treatment response. This study was designed to further examine evidence for the existence of a respiratory subtype in PD. Individuals with PD with prominent respiratory symptoms (PD-R; n=10) and without prominent respiratory symptoms (PD-NR; n=23), as well as healthy controls (n=27), underwent a standardized 5% CO(2) rebreathing challenge. Ventilatory response and subjective sensation of suffocation were continuously recorded. The PD-R group exhibited greater subjective suffocation levels, rates of respiration, and propensity to terminate the procedure voluntarily than did the other two groups, which in turn did not differ on these measures. Findings are consistent with the existence of a respiratory subtype of PD, which differs from nonrespiratory subtypes in CO(2) sensitivity.

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“…The second exception was a study by Zandbergen et al, 14 who, using the Read rebreathing protocol, found no difference in respiratory response between PD patients, patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and controls. Nevertheless, using the 35% CO 2 protocol, the team of Griez et al (including Zandbergen) 15 found that PD patients were more vulnerable to the test than OCD patients and controls, therefore acknowledging the validity of the procedure.…”

Section: The 1990smentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon dioxide challenge test in panic disorder: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical research

Amaral

Spadaro

Pereira³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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This systematic review assesses the current state of clinical and preclinical research on panic disorder (PD) in which the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) challenge was used as a trigger for panic attacks (PAs). A total of 95 articles published from 1984 to 2012 were selected for inclusion. Some hypotheses for PD evolved greatly due to the reproducibility of PAs in a controlled environment using the safe and noninvasive CO 2 test. The 35% CO 2 protocol was the method chosen by the majority of studies. Results of the test report specific sensitivity to hypercapnia in PD patients of the respiratory PD subtype. The CO 2 challenge helped assess the antipanic effects of medication and nonpharmaceutical approaches such as physical exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy. The test was also used in studies about the genetic component of PD, in which twins and relatives of PD patients were analyzed.

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Ventilatory response to CO2 in panic disorder

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Suffocation and respiratory responses to carbon dioxide and breath holding challenges in individuals with panic disorder

Suffocation and respiratory responses to carbon dioxide and breath holding challenges in individuals with panic disorder

Evidence for respiratory and nonrespiratory subtypes in panic disorder

The carbon dioxide challenge test in panic disorder: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical research

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