Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Death in Athletes

Furlanello, F; Bettini, R; Cozzi, Francesca; Favero, A. Del; Disertori, Marcello; Vergara, Giuseppe; Durante, G. B.; Guarnerio, M; Inama, Giuseppe; Thiene, Gaetano

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb20789.x

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The main prognostic determinant to be assessed in athletes with arrhythmias is the presence of heart disease. 48,[73][74][75] The evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias, either documented or suspected, includes personal history, searching for any hints of substance abuse such as smoking, alcohol, drugs, or doping. Risk factors for IHD should be investigated particularly in adult/senior athletes.…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Competitive Sports Participation in Athletes With Cardiovascular Disease: A Consensus Document From the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology

Pelliccia¹,

Fagard²,

Bjøornstad³

2005

ACC Current Journal Review

177

321

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Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Competitive Sports Participation in Athletes With Cardiovascular Disease: A Consensus Document From the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology

Pelliccia¹,

Fagard²,

Bjøornstad³

2005

ACC Current Journal Review

177

321

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“…Conduction defects or electrical accidents causing arrhythmia are the likely causes of death in these cases. Special examination of the heart might reveal structural pathology also in at least part of these cases (37,38).…”

Section: Pathology and Pathophysiology Of The Cardiovascular Complicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, however, only very few skiers succumb, in our experience ten in more than one million performances or one death in about 125000 performances 40 to 90 km long. In two middle European cross-country ski marathons one fatal and one nonfatal cardiovascular complication have occurred giving an incidence of one fatal event in 51600 participants and one nonfatal event in 17700 participants (38). Despite of this small complication rate it is obvious that the participants of these more or less competitive mass sports events have to be a specific target group for information concerning the cardiovascular risks of vigorous exercise.…”

Section: Strategies In the Prevention Of Cardiovascular Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cardiovascular Risks of Physical Activity

Vuori

1986

Journal of Internal Medicine

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ABSTRACT. The incidence of sudden death, serious arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction in connection with both recreational and rehabilitative physical activity is small. However, the incidence of e.g. sudden death is several times higher in exercise than at other times. This relative risk is highest in middle‐aged men, and higher in strenuous than in nonstrenuous exercise. In the vast majority of the cases the underlying cause is advanced coronary heart disease, which in large proportion of the cases has been asymptomatic and has allowed regular strenuous training. Attempts to prevent the complications by special large scale screening programs would be ineffective and individual councelling limited by lack of resources. These measures should, however, be used in selected groups and individuals. Another approach is to inform the exercisers and their families at large by systematic, well‐planned and repeated messages of the risks of physical activity, of the symptoms and findings indicating this risk, of the individual and environmental factors increasing the risk, and of the necessary measures to be taken to minimize the risk. Even if all available measures at present were used, the cardiovascular complications of physical activity could not be totally prevented. Fortunately, preliminary evidence suggests that at population level the cardiovascular hazards of physical activity are outweighed by its cardiovascular benefits.

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“…Occasionally, such athletes may harbor other congenital or acquired heart diseases with the potential to cause sudden death, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, and myocarditis. Masters athletes, typical of their age group, could also be expected to be susceptible to particular arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities [75][76][77] (eg, atrial fibrillation and flutter, sick sinus syndrome, and atrioventricular block).…”

Section: Causes Of Sudden Death or Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%