Ventriculoatrial Shunt Infection Caused by Staphylococcus warneri: Case Report and Review

Torre, Donato; Ferraro, Giorgio; Fiori, G P; Martegani, Roberto; Speranza, Filippo; Tambini, Roberto; Zeroli, Claudia

doi:10.1093/clinids/14.1.49

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…According to Torre et.al. (1992), one of the first S. warneri isolates came from monkey skin and nasal membranes [20]. The first isolations of this species from humans were related to implant-associated infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal species less frequently isolated from human clinical specimens - are they a threat for hospital patients?

et al. 2020

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Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci belonging to S. haemolyticus, S. hominis subsp. hominis, S. simulans, and S. warneri are often described as etiological factors of infections. Staphylococci are a phylogenetically coherent group; nevertheless, there are differences among the species which may be important to clinicians. Methods: We investigated selected virulence factors and antibiotic resistance that were phenotypically demonstrated, the presence and expression of genes encoding the virulence factors, and the type of the SCCmec cassette. Results: The differences between the tested species were revealed. A great number of isolates produced a biofilm and many of them contained single icaADBC operon genes. Clear differences between species in the lipolytic activity spectrum could be related to their ability to cause various types of infections. Our studies also revealed the presence of genes encoding virulence factors homologous to S. aureus in the analysed species such as enterotoxin and pvl genes, which were also expressed in single isolates of S. simulans and S. warneri. S. haemolyticus and S. hominis subsp. hominis isolates were resistant to all clinically important antibiotics including ß-lactams. The identified SCCmec cassettes belonged to IV, V, VII, and IX type but most of the detected cassettes were nontypeable. Among the investigated species, S. hominis subsp. hominis isolates accumulated virulence genes typical for S. aureus in the most efficient way and were widely resistant to antibiotics. Conclusions: Our results clearly indicated significant differences between the tested species, which might be a result of the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and can lead to the formation and selection of multi-drug resistant strains as well as strains with new virulence features. Such strains can have a new clinical relevance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal species less frequently isolated from human clinical specimens - are they a threat for hospital patients?

et al. 2020

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“…Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus warneri is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections such as bacteraemia, endocarditis, vertebral osteomyelitis, ventriculoperitoneal shunt-associated meningitis, discitis, subdural empyema, urinary tract infections and sepsis in neonates (Kloos & Schleifer, 1975;Kamath et al, 1992;Torre et al, 1992;Wood et al, 1992;Buttery et al, 1997;Mehr et al, 2002;Announ et al, 2004;Stöllberger et al, 2006;Arslan et al, 2011;Legius et al, 2012). These infections occur predominantly in immunocompromised patients and those with indwelling medical devices (Arciola et al, 2005;von Eiff et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonality, virulence and the occurrence of genes encoding antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus warneri isolates from bloodstream infections

Szczuka

Krzymińska

Kaznowski

2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus warneri is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing several infections, especially in patients with indwelling medical devices. We evaluated the virulence-associated properties of 23 clinical isolates recovered from blood specimens. In addition, the carriage of biofilm-associated genes, as well as antibiotic-resistant genes, was identified. S. warneri isolates appeared to be clonally unrelated and revealed a high degree of genetic diversity. All isolates revealed adhesion to epithelial cells, and 43.5 % of strains invaded the cells. Moreover, 52 % of isolates formed biofilm in vitro. PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of the ica operon, in two of the 12 biofilm-positive isolates. This indicated that biofilm formation, in this species, is not restricted to strains harbouring icaADBC genes, encoding polysaccharide intercellular adhesion. Analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that biofilm-forming strains formed a three-dimensional structure, composed of mainly living cells. All strains revealed cell-contact cytotoxicity that was strongly associated with biofilm formation. Moreover, cell-free supernatants, of 95 % of the isolates, expressed a cytotoxic activity which caused the destruction of HeLa cells. S. warneri capable of forming biofilm carried significantly more genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglicosides and macrolide-lincosamide streptogramin B antibiotics than biofilm-negative isolates. We have shown that tigecycline/ rifampicin is effective against bacteria growing as a biofilm. The biofilm inhibitory concentration range of tigecycline/rifampicin was 1 µg ml À1 . Results indicated that S. warneri have the ability to adhere, form biofilm, invade and destroy epithelial cells, which could be important mechanisms contributing to the development of diseases.

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“…To our knowledge, several bacteria isolated in this study are pathogens capable of causing bacteremia, such as Brevundimonas vesicularis, Acinetobacter pittii, and Exiguobacterium aurantiacum; however, these pathogens were all discovered in nosocomial infections [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. Other nosocomial infections associated with our isolates were ventriculoarterial shunt infection caused by Staphylococcus warneri [64], pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter pittii [65], and line-related sepsis caused by Delftia acidovorans [66]. Because these microorganisms can cause diseases, such as bacteremia in nosocomial infections, we believe that they could potentially infect humans through tick bites.…”

Section: Pseudomonas Synxantha 12mentioning

confidence: 92%

Bacterial Microbiota in Unfed Ticks (Dermacentor nuttalli) From Xinjiang Detected Through 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing and Culturomics

Song

Sun

et al. 2021

Zoonoses

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Background: Ticks are a major arthropod vector of zoonotic diseases affecting both humans and domestic animals worldwide. Thus, studying tick microbiota would aid in understanding of the potential threats posed by ticks. Methods: Approximately 8,000 unfed ticks, identified as Dermacentor nuttalli, were collected from the sylvosteppe in the western Tianshan mountains. To investigate their potential pathogens, we divided the ticks into 36 groups of 200–300 individuals each for examination with culturomics and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: A total of 237 bacterial genera were identified with the two methods. Culturomics identified 46 bacterial species from 23 genera, predominantly Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Bacillus, whereas 16S rDNA sequencing identified 461 OTUs from 233 genera, predominantly Pseudomonas (53.8%), Coxiella (17.2%), and Pantoea (6.4%). Coxiella, Rickettsia, and ten other genera were discovered only by sequencing, because optimal cultivating conditions were not used for their isolation, whereas Arthrobacter and three other genera were discovered only through culturomics. Conclusions: Several of the identified bacteria, such as line-related sepsis-causing Delftia acidovorans and the pneumonia agent Acinetobacter pittii, can cause human diseases. Thus, both sequencing and culturomics methods are crucial for comprehensive understanding of the microbiota of D. nuttalli.

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Ventriculoatrial Shunt Infection Caused by Staphylococcus warneri: Case Report and Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Staphylococcal species less frequently isolated from human clinical specimens - are they a threat for hospital patients?

Staphylococcal species less frequently isolated from human clinical specimens - are they a threat for hospital patients?

Clonality, virulence and the occurrence of genes encoding antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus warneri isolates from bloodstream infections

Bacterial Microbiota in Unfed Ticks (Dermacentor nuttalli) From Xinjiang Detected Through 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing and Culturomics

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