Veranderinge in adverbiale tydsverwysing in Afrikaans van 1911 tot 2010

Kirsten, Johanita

doi:10.17159/2224-7912/2016/v56n1a4

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The general tendencies identified in the literature (Audring, 2021;Kirsten, 2016;van der Merwe, 1997) are that the masculine is associated with informal registers, emotional contexts, and animate, moving, or agentive referents, while the neuter is used in neutral or formal registers and is the preferred gender for inanimates, especially abstracts or mass nouns, as well as for events and activities (and, perhaps surprisingly, plural referents). Apparently, "orphaned" genders can acquire new semantic and pragmatic associations.…”

Section: Pronominal Gender Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Systems in Germanic

Audring

2023

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics

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Grammatical gender is a pervasive property of the Germanic languages. The typical Germanic gender system distinguishes three values: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The gender value of a noun is not expressed on the noun itself, but shows on agreeing words such as articles, adjectives, and a variety of pronouns. In all Germanic languages except for the two most conservative, Icelandic and Faroese, gender is distinguished only in the singular. Some of the languages have reduced the traditional three gender values to two. In most varieties, this involves the conflation of the historical masculine and feminine. In these languages, nouns denoting male or female persons appear with the same form of the article and other agreeing words. However, the personal pronouns often retain the masculine-feminine split. Some agreement targets have lost their ability to mark gender altogether. In the most extreme cases, gender agreement is limited to the personal and the possessive pronouns, such as in English and in Afrikaans. What gender a noun belongs to is regulated by assignment principles. Germanic shows semantic, morphological, and phonological assignment principles. In the more traditional languages, especially Icelandic, Faroese, and German, the inflectional class of a noun is an important predictor for its gender. The pronominal gender languages Afrikaans and English have purely semantic systems. This appears to be a typical correlation, observable in other languages. This article describes the gender systems of Germanic comparatively and points out interesting complexities that inform our understanding of this puzzling grammatical feature.

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Section: Pronominal Gender Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Systems in Germanic

Audring

2023

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Veranderinge in adverbiale tydsverwysing in Afrikaans van 1911 tot 2010

Cited by 1 publication

References 7 publications

Gender Systems in Germanic

Gender Systems in Germanic

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