Essentialist conceptions about language, and the relationship between language and other things, are still fairly common in society, and to some extent in linguistics. It is of particular relevance when working with specific (named or unnamed) languages in multilingual environments, or with one specific (named or unnamed) variety of a language among many. This article investigates how essentialism manifests in a collection of macro-sociolinguistic research articles on Afrikaans in contemporary, multilingual South Africa through critical discourse analysis. The findings indicate that subtle and covert indications of an extent of essentialism are quite common in the data, and even explicitly essentialist statements and claims are not completely absent. Some counter-examples of and challenges to essentialism in the data are also explored, although they are found to be less common than covert instances of essentialism. Suggestions regarding a few essentialism-related problems that arise from the data are discussed briefly.
Die tempussisteem van Afrikaans is heelwat vereenvoudig in vergelyking met dié van Nederlands, waaruit dit ontwikkel het, en daarom maak sprekers en skrywers van Afrikaans ook staat op verskeie ander maniere om gebeurtenisse of situasies in tyd deikties te anker, soos adverbia van tyd (byvoorbeeld "toe", "gister", "oormôre") en setselgroepe (byvoorbeeld "in die aand"). Terwyl die tempusstelsel van Afrikaans min opsigtelike verandering toon sedert die standaardisering van Afrikaans, staan sake anders wat die adverbiale elemente se rol in temporele verwysing betref. Die frekwente woorde "nou", "toe" en "dan" verrig verskeie funksies, waarvan temporele verwysing 'n belangrike deel uitmaak. Hierdie artikel ondersoek eerstens die gebruike van die adverbiale gebruike van "nou", "toe" en "dan" in diachroniese korpusse van Afrikaans wat vier periodes (1911-1920, 1941-1950, 1971-1980, 2001-2010) dek, met ongeveer 261 000 woorde per periode. Die gebruike van hierdie woorde toon sterk tekens van verandering, en spesifiek "nou" en "dan" toon 'n radikale vermindering van gebruike. In die tweede plek word moontlike verklarings vir die veranderinge rondom hierdie woorde in die korpus gesoek. 'n Toename in die gebruik van 'n aantal meer spesifieke temporele adverbia (byvoorbeeld "terwyl", "wanneer") dui aan dat adverbiale temporele verwysing se funksionele lading versprei het. Dit sluit ook aan by die groter sosio-kulturele konteks van Afrikaans, wat aanleiding gegee het tot toenemende standaardisering en verformalisering van Afrikaans deur die loop van die twintigste eeu.
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