Verbal and nonverbal behavior in judgments of facilitative conditions.

Seay, Thomas A.; Altekruse, Michael K.

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.26.2.108

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Barrett-Lennard felt that only participants could assess their inner experiences. This 64-item measure, which is usually completed after sessions, has been widely used in the counseling psychology literature (e.g., Heppner, Rosenberg, & Hedgespeth, 1992;Seay & Altekruse, 1979). This emphasis on the phenomenological perspective of participants was also a major factor in the development of the Therapy Session Report (Orlinsky & Howard, 1975).…”

Section: Rogers's Second Theoretical Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the history of process and outcome research in counseling psychology.

Hill¹,

Corbett²

1993

Journal of Counseling Psychology

159

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article traces the development of process and outcome research from before the foundation of counseling psychology in 1946 to the present time. First, theoretical contributions are focused on, with particular attention to the influence of Carl Rogers's theory, behavior theory, psychoanalytic theory, systems theory, interpersonal theory, and social influence theory. Next, Eysenck's challenge to the efficacy of psychotherapy; the uniformity myth that process and outcome are similar across diverse clients, therapists, and contexts; and changes in research methods over the years are covered. The article concludes with recommendations for future research.Interest in examining the helping process has existed for a long time, predating the inception of counseling psychology. Healers all over the world have tried to understand whether what they are doing is helpful and whether what they do leads to change. Early psychotherapists wrote extensively about how to do therapy. For example, Sigmund Freud amassed observations of psychoanalysis, which he used to develop his theories of therapeutic change. Eschewing conventional experimental methods, Freud did not quantify his observations (Schultz, 1972) and thus was not considered scientific. Use of the scientific method to investigate the helping process did not begin in earnest until the middle of the 20th century, thus coinciding with the founding of counseling psychology as a discipline.The purpose of this article is to review the development of research on the process and outcome of counseling and psychotherapy to the present day and to interpret the factors that shaped the field into its current state. Our primary focus is on process research, but we include issues in outcome research that have had an impact on process research. We emphasize individual rather than group or family therapy research. Historical events are not considered in exact chronological order but rather in the rough order of our perceptions of their impact on the field of counseling psychology.

show abstract

Section: Rogers's Second Theoretical Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the history of process and outcome research in counseling psychology.

Hill¹,

Corbett²

1993

Journal of Counseling Psychology

159

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Specific behaviors have been associated with perceptions and ratings of providers. Eye contact, for example, has been related to higher ratings of counselor respect and genuineness (Kelly & True, 1980), empathic qualities (Hasse & Tepper, 1972;Seay & Altekruse, 1979;Tepper & Hasse, 1978;Timpton & Rymer, 1978), and overall ratings of positivity (Harrigan, Oxman, & Rosenthal, 1981); therapist nodding appears to be associated with clients' feelings of support and accomplishment (Hill & Stephany, 1990) and other positive consequences (D'Augelli, 1974;Harrigan & Rosenthal, 1983;LaCrosse, 1975); and body position has been related to more favorable ratings of counselors (Fretz, Corn, Tuemmler, & Bellet, 1979;Harrigan & Rosenthal, 1983;Harrigan et al, 1985;Hasse & Tepper, 1972;Hermansson, Webster, & McFarland, 1988;Tepper & Hasse, 1978) and to counselors' warmth and empathy ratings (Smith-Hanen, 1977). Given the importance of these provider behaviors to clients' perceptions and satisfaction, it seems important to further investigate them in relation to elderly patients.…”

Section: Thin-slice Judgments Of Nonverbal Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical therapists' nonverbal communication predicts geriatric patients' health outcomes.

Ambady¹,

Koo²,

Rosenthal³

et al. 2002

Psychology and Aging

191

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two studies explored the link between health care providers' patterns of nonverbal communication and therapeutic efficacy. In Study 1, physical therapists were videotaped during a session with a client. Brief samples of therapists' nonverbal behavior were rated by naive judges. Judges' ratings were then correlated with clients' physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning at admission, at discharge, and at 3 months following discharge. Therapists' distancing behavior was strongly correlated with short-and long-term decreases in their clients' physical and cognitive functioning. Distancing was expressed through a pattern of not smiling and looking away from the client. In contrast, facial expressiveness, as revealed through smiling, nodding, and frowning, was associated with short-and long-term improvements in functioning. In Study 2, elderly subjects perceived distancing behaviors of therapists more negatively than positive behaviors.

show abstract

“…Perception of emotion through body language has been shown to be a promising measure of social cognition and posited to be a factor potentially influencing social adaptation (Seay and Altekruse, 1979; Noller, 1980; Trower, 1980; Hodgins and Zuckerman, 1990). To our knowledge this is the first study to examine perception of emotion in body stimuli in individuals with clinical depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perception of body language has been estimated to constitute up to 60–70% of human social communication (Burgoon, 1985). People who are able to correctly perceive body language signals tend to experience more meaningful relationships, greater social approval (Hodgins and Zuckerman, 1990) and competence (Seay and Altekruse, 1979; Noller, 1980; Trower, 1980). This is not surprising considering that facial expressions and body postures signal relevant information about emotional behaviors and intentions (Ekman, 1993; de Gelder, 2006) and that they are continuously appraised during social interactions (Bouhuys et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of emotion from body language among patients with unipolar depression

Loi¹,

Vaidya²,

Paradiso³

2013

Psychiatry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Major depression may be associated with abnormal perception of emotions and impairment in social adaptation. Emotion recognition from body language and its possible implications to social adjustment have not been examined in patients with depression. Three groups of participants (51 with depression; 68 with history of depression in remission; and 69 never depressed healthy volunteers) were compared on static and dynamic tasks of emotion recognition from body language. Psychosocial adjustment was assessed using the Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report (SAS-SR). Participants with current depression showed reduced recognition accuracy for happy stimuli across tasks relative to remission and comparison participants. Participants with depression tended to show poorer psychosocial adaptation relative to remission and comparison groups. Correlations between perception accuracy of happiness and scores on the SAS-SR were largely not significant. These results indicate that depression is associated with reduced ability to appraise positive stimuli of emotional body language but emotion recognition performance is not tied to social adjustment. These alterations do not appear to be present in participants in remission suggesting state-like qualities.

show abstract

Verbal and nonverbal behavior in judgments of facilitative conditions.

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

A perspective on the history of process and outcome research in counseling psychology.

A perspective on the history of process and outcome research in counseling psychology.

Physical therapists' nonverbal communication predicts geriatric patients' health outcomes.

Recognition of emotion from body language among patients with unipolar depression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About