Verbal conditioning and anxiety.

Conditioning in Psychotics1

“…Cohen et al (1954) reported that "Good" was effective, regardless of pronoun preference, with normals, whereas Cohen and Cohen (1960) found that it was ineffective with schizophrenies. However, other reports (Taffel, 1955; Buss and Gerjuoy, 1958) have indicated that the use of "Good" elicited reliable modifications in the verbal behaviour of psychiatrie patients (neurotics and psychotics).…”

“…The literature covering verbal conditioning is extensive (Krasner, 1958a;Salzinger, 1959) Two studies (Buss and Gerjuoy, 1958;Levin, 1961) have failed to confirm Taffel's finding that verbal acquisition was contingent upon anxiety level. Buss and Gerjuoy (1958) The factor of habit competition has been investigated in two complementary studies (Cohen, Kalish, Thurstone and Cohen, 1954;Cohen and Cohen, 1960).…”

“…Astrup (1957) investigated 'deficit' schizophrenies; Buss and Gerjuoy (1958), Levin (1961) and Taffel (1955) studied combined psychotic and neurotic patients; Hartman (1955) stated schizophrenie reaction to be the diagnosis of the patients he studied; and Spence and Taylor (1953) and Taylor and Spence (1954) have indicated that the psychotics they investigated were in-patients and out-patients and that they were selected by the psychiatrist in charge as being cooperative.…”

“…Buss and Gerjuoy (1958) The factor of habit competition has been investigated in two complementary studies (Cohen, Kalish, Thurstone and Cohen, 1954;Cohen and Cohen, 1960). In the first study (Cohen et al, 1954) The second study (Cohen and Cohen., 1960) investigated verbal conditioning in 16 schizophrenies and 16 neurotics.…”

Verbal Conditioning and Counseling Research

“…"good" [2,3,5,6,9,10,15,16,25]; "mmhmm" [8, 13, 18-21, 27, 29]; "um-hmm" [7]; "huh-uh" [8]; "right" [4,24]; "yeah," "I see," "uh-huh" [19]; "that's accurate," "that's a correct estimate," "that's right on the button," [1]]; agreement ("I agree," "you're right," etc.) and paraphrase [28]; chips (good for candy and cigarettes) [4]; bell tone [17]; and light [12].…”