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In recent years the therapist has emerged, reluctantly, from the shadow of the patient to a fuller recognition of the influence of his behavior in the psychotherapy process. Certain assumptions are implicit in the selection of the type of research studies used to illustrate the major issues in research on the therapist variable in the psychotherapy process. These assumptions may be stated as follows: (a) Psychotherapy is a lawful, predictable, and directive process which can be investigated most parsimonously within the framework of a reinforcement theory of learning. ( b ) The variables which affect the therapy process are the same as those in other interpersonal situations which involve the reinforcement, control, manipulation, influencing, or redirection of human behavior.If these general assumptions about psychotherapy are accepted, a number of deductions follow which can guide research programs: ( a ) The therapist, as the central variable in the therapeutic situation, is a social "reinforcement machine," programed by prior training and experience. The therapist has been trained to use his behavior as a decisive factor in interpersonal situations with individuals who come to him for assistance. His goal

Mixed anaclitic-introjective psychopathology in treatment-resistant in patients undergoing psychoanalytic psychotherapy.

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