Verbal overshadowing effects on Raven's advanced progressive matrices: Evidence for multidimensional performance determinants

The quest for item types based on information processing: An analysis of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, with a consideration of gender differences

“…Such a pattern of results supports a general distinction of APM items based on the type of information processing rules that they require to be solved. More specifically, this pattern of gender differences is also roughly consistent with a distinction made by DeShon, Chan and Weissbein (1995) between visuospatial and verbalanalytical items. In light of DeShon et al's (1995) findings, Mackintosh and Bennett (2005) interpreted their own findings of men outperforming women on specific items as being a consequence of these items' inclusion of a spatial component, a dimension of ability that has frequently been found to manifest a male advantage (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995).…”

“…Another processing rule taxonomy of APM items arose from the experimental work of DeShon et al (1995). Using the verbal overshadowing paradigm, they hypothesized that one subset of APM items were dependent on visuospatial processes, whereas another subset of items required verbalanalytic processes.…”

Verbalization produces a transfer inappropriate processing shift

“…In the past, verbal overshadowing has been associated with a variety of forms of non-verbal memory including faces (Schooler and Engstler-Schooler, 1990), colours (Schooler and EngstlerSchooler, 1990), shapes , taste (Melcher and Schooler, 1996) and music (Houser et al, 'Verbal overshadowing of music memory: What happens when you describe that tune ', unpublished manuscript, 2002). Similar disruptive effects of verbalization have also been observed across a variety of other domains known to rely on non-verbal cognition including insight problem solving (Schooler et al, 1993), affective judgements (Wilson and Schooler, 1991), visual problem solving (DeShon et al, 1995) and analogical reasoning (Sieck et al, 1999). In contrast to the disruptive effects that verbalization has on non-verbalizable cognitions, tasks that rely on more verbalizable processes have proven to be relatively immune to the impact of verbalization.…”

Perceptual and conceptual training mediate the verbal overshadowing effect in an unfamiliar domain

“…In the prototypical experiment, people who see a difficult-to-describe face and describe it from memory are less likely to correctly recognize that face than are people who do not describe it. In addition to being replicated for faces (for a recent meta-analysis, see ), verbal overshadowing is observed with other forms of visual memory, including visual forms (Brandimonte, Hitch, & Bishop, 1992) and maps (Fiore & Schooler, 2002) as well as other sensory memory domains including taste (Melcher & Schooler, 1996), audition (Houser, Fiore, & Schooler, 2003;Perfect, Hunt, & Harris, 2002), and nonmnemonic areas such as affective decision making (Wilson & Schooler, 1991), insight problem solving (Schooler, Ohlsson, & Brooks, 1993), visual reasoning (DeShon, Chan, & Weissbein, 1995), and analogical transfer (Sieck, Quinn, & Schooler, 1999).…”