Verbal protocol accuracy in fault diagnosis

Brinkman, J.A.

doi:10.1080/00140139308968007

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The finding that concurrent verbalization does not result in reactivity contradicted previous research. For example, several studies have demonstrated that concurrent verbalization seems to exert a general "slowingdown" effect on task-directed processes (e.g., Brinkman, 1993;McGeorge & Burton, 1989;Toms, 1992). However, previous research has tended to use more static tasks requiring subjects to describe the cognitions and mental processes used during task performance (e.g., see Brinkman, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, on certain tasks, verbalization may increase the time required to perform the task. Alternatively, the speed ofthe ongoing processes may surpass the ability of the subject to verbalize them completely (Brinkman, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With retrospective reports, the information may no longer be available in short-term memory but has to be retrieved from longterm memory. Since retrieval from long-term memory is fallible, this can result in important sources of information being omitted or redundant information being included (e.g., see Brinkman, 1993;Russo etal., 1989). Furthermore, with retrospective reports, it is difficult to distinguish information attended to during the task from information acquired or used after (or even before) the completion of the task (Green, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, most cognitive psychologists agree that, if used appropriately, verbal reports can provide valuable insights into higher mental processes (Brinkman, 1993;Ericsson & Simon, 1980;Green, 1995). Ericsson and Simon (1993) suggest that verbal reports are valid, providing that certain principles are adhered to in the experimental procedure.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a more direct measure of attentional allocation and information extraction is provided (Bainbridge, 1990;Ericsson & Simon, 1980, 1993. Data can be collected either during performance (i.e., concurrently) or retrospectively following completion of the task (Green, 1995).…”

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Assessing cue usage in performance contexts: A comparison between eye-movement and concurrent verbal report methods

Williams

Davids

1997

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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The relationship between eye fixations and concurrent verbal reports as measures of selective attention was examined in two different performance contexts. Experienced and less experienced soccer players were presented with filmed action sequences. In Experiment 1, subjects reacted to 11-versus-ll soccer simulations; in Experiment 2, 3-versus-3 situations were presented. Each study involved two experimental conditions: (1) visual fixations were recorded using an eye-movement system and (2) subjects continuously verbalized the location of their visual attention. In Ll-versus-11 situations, there were no differences in performance across the two conditions, indicating that verbalization had no effect on performance. Also, there were no differences between the two methods in identifying important information sources. In 3-versus-3 situations, concurrent verbalization resulted in reactivity. Moreover, there were differences between the two methods in identifying important display areas. Findings showed that the relationship between visual fixation and selective attention is dependent on the nature of the stimulus presented. When peripheral vision is employed to extract task-specific information, verbal reports provide a more veritable measure of selective attention; eye fixations may yield a more accurate measure when the task requires information to be extracted foveally. Findings are discussed with regard to the differences between "looking" and "seeing" as a methodological issue.Human performance research examining proficiencyrelated differences in visual search strategy has assumed that eye-movement data and interspersed fixations are indicative of the perceptual approach used by the performer to extract meaningful information from the display (e.g., Abernethy, 1990; Rella, 1984;Papin, 1984; Zegers, 1986; for a review, see Abernethy, 1988). That is, visual fixation characteristics are taken as reflecting the strategy used by the observer to extract task-specific information. Fixation location is assumed to reflect the important cues used in decision making, whereas the number and duration of fixations are presumed to indicate the information-processing demands on the individual (Abernethy, 1985).

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