Verification of Measurement Waveforms of Transient Electric Field caused by Micro-gap Spark using Optical Electric Field Probe

Taka, Yoshinori; Kawamata, Ken; Ishigami, Shinobu; Minegishi, Shigeki; Fujiwara, Osamu

doi:10.1541/ieejfms.138.482

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This section verifies results of the preceding section through comparing magnetic field waveforms converted from waveforms (probe output voltage) measured with magnetic near‐field probe in far‐field region produced by ESD between spherical electrodes, and waveforms calculated using a dipole model combining image charge pairs with spark resistance law 4,11 . Now, calculated waveforms of magnetic field in far‐field region of ESD between spherical electrodes agree well with the waveforms measured by a photoelectric field probe with bandwidth of 10 GHz in Reference, 4 while in Reference, 11 calculated waveforms of magnetic field in far‐field region of ESD between spherical electrodes also roughly agree with the waveforms observed with a shielded loop made of a 50‐Ω semi‐rigid cable; hence, in this section we deal with magnetic far‐field, and would like to leave near‐field for future research.…”

Section: Validationsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…When the metal electrodes with radius a and gap δ in Figure 4 are charged at V c , the spherical surfaces become equipotential; thus, can be achieved when the following condition is satisfied 4

\begin{equation}\left.

…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then the following is obtained by substituting Equation () into Equation () 4,14

\begin{matrix} H (t) & = & η \times \frac{q δ}{4 π d^{2}} \cdot \{0true \frac{1}{6 \sqrt{3}} {(\frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2}\} \\ 0true \times \frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{2} \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {(\frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} ((), t - \frac{d}{c})) \\ \times {([], 1 + \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {((), \frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} (t - \frac{d}{c})))}^{- 1.5} \\ 0true + η \times \frac{q δ}{4 π} \cdot \frac{1}{c d} {\{\frac{1}{6 \sqrt{3}} \cdot {((), \frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2}\}}^{2} \\ 0true \times \frac{27}{4} \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {(\frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} ((), t - \frac{d}{c})) \\ \times {([], 1 + \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {((), \frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} (t - \frac{d}{c})))}^{- 2.5} \\ \times \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, ESD often occurs between non‐grounded metal objects at a low voltage under 1 kV, 1 and thus generated transient steep electromagnetic fields create a new electromagnetic threat to IoT (Internet of Things) or wearable devices; 2,3 however, much remains unclear about behavior of electromagnetic fields around a spark point. In this context, transient electric fields near spark point of collision ESD between metal spherical electrode charged below 600 V was measured using a broadband (10 GHz) photoelectric field sensor and a DC–20‐GHz oscilloscope (sampling frequency: 50 GHz) 4–6 . In so doing, correction coefficients for electric field were calculated based on theoretical values of electrostatic field, and behavior of electric fields was clarified through distance dependence of waveform peaks; however, because electrostatic field is dominant near a spark point, characteristics of induced and radiated fields are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in another study, 8 circuit structure of probe load was derived in a simplified way from probe response waveforms using a time‐domain reflectometer (TDR), and a method was proposed to obtain transient magnetic fields from probe output. Adequacy of the magnetic field conversion method in case of transient field generated by collision ESD between spherical electrodes below 600 V was demonstrated by comparison to waveforms of radiative magnetic field calculated using a dipole model 4 of image charge pairs combining electrical dipoles and spark resistance law; however, probe response to magnetic field waveforms exceeding the bandwidth could not be explored, and behavior of such fields remained unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waveform conversion and validation of transient magnetic field due to ESD using equivalent circuit of magnetic near‐field probe

Wang

Kawamata

Ishigami

et al. 2022

Electrical Engineering Japan

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With a 6 GHz band high resolution magnetic near‐field probe (XF‐R 3‐1) produced by Langer, the transient magnetic fields due to collision ESDs (electrostatic discharges) between metal balls at a charging voltage of 600 V were measured near the spark point to investigate a dipole radiation mechanism. In this study, as an object of considering the measured magnetic field waveforms, two different equivalent circuits of the magnetic near‐field probe are derived based on the probe response waveform observed by a TDR (time domain reflectometer) with a 10 ps rise‐time pulse and the probe reflection coefficient measured with a 26 GHz network analyzer. Waveform conversion formulae from the probe output voltage to the magnetic field are given. The validity of the conversion methods is verified by comparing the measured conversion waveforms and their frequency spectra in addition to the converted spectra by the Langer field correction curve with the calculated waveforms of the transient magnetic far‐fields from a dipole model consisting of image charge pairs and the Rompe‐Weizel spark resistance formula. The probe conversion formulae presented here are valid within the frequency range of the 6 GHz probe band, however, beyond the band the resonance peaks at multiple frequencies over 8 GHz appear on the spectra, which causes damping oscillations peculiar to the probe with multiple frequencies to the time domain waveform.

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Section: Validationsupporting

confidence: 70%

\begin{equation}\left.

…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then the following is obtained by substituting Equation () into Equation () 4,14

\begin{matrix} H (t) & = & η \times \frac{q δ}{4 π d^{2}} \cdot \{0true \frac{1}{6 \sqrt{3}} {(\frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2}\} \\ 0true \times \frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{2} \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {(\frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} ((), t - \frac{d}{c})) \\ \times {([], 1 + \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {((), \frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} (t - \frac{d}{c})))}^{- 1.5} \\ 0true + η \times \frac{q δ}{4 π} \cdot \frac{1}{c d} {\{\frac{1}{6 \sqrt{3}} \cdot {((), \frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2}\}}^{2} \\ 0true \times \frac{27}{4} \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {(\frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} ((), t - \frac{d}{c})) \\ \times {([], 1 + \exp ({}, \frac{1}{2} {((), \frac{V_{c}}{K_{R W} δ})}^{2} (t - \frac{d}{c})))}^{- 2.5} \\ \times \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waveform conversion and validation of transient magnetic field due to ESD using equivalent circuit of magnetic near‐field probe

Wang

Kawamata

Ishigami

et al. 2022

Electrical Engineering Japan

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EMC Research Efforts in the IEEJ Technical Committee and State‐of‐the‐Art Case Studies on ESD Found in its Technical Papers

Fujiwara

2024

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been known to cause electromagnetic noise against electronic equipment and devices even before the technical concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) was established 68 years ago in the United States and 48 years ago in Japan, while the ESD still continues to be studied as one of the most significant issues that should be solved in EMC areas. This is largely because the underlying nature of ESD has yet to be essentially elucidated from an EMC perspective. On the other hand, as an academic research organization on EMC in Japan, a Technical Committee named ‘EMCJ’ on ‘Environmental Electromagnetic Engineering’ was founded in 1976 in both the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) and the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers or the present IEICE (Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers) to address EMC concerns. Since then, the EMCJ has been jointly conducting EMC research activities under the IEICE as the nominating body and the IEEJ as the associative body, whereas the EMCJ of IEEJ was dissolved in 1999 to form a new Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in order to deal with EMC issues appropriate to the IEEJ. In this review, to mark the 25th anniversary of the IEEJ Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in 2024, the EMC research efforts and activities that the TC‐EMC has conducted over the past 25 years from January 2000 to March 2024 are surveyed from 1272 technical papers presented at the technical meetings. Furthermore, among the ESD issues identified in these technical papers, the latest case studies utilizing ‘spark resistance laws’ that allow the analysis of the initial behavior of sparks, in which a spark is the essence of ESD and is the key to open the door to elucidate the phenomenon, particularly from an EMC perspective, are reviewed. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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An Evaluation Method of Electromagnetic Interference on Bio-Sensor Used for Wearable Robot Control

Liao

Nagai

Wang

2020

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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Verification of Measurement Waveforms of Transient Electric Field caused by Micro-gap Spark using Optical Electric Field Probe

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Waveform conversion and validation of transient magnetic field due to ESD using equivalent circuit of magnetic near‐field probe

Waveform conversion and validation of transient magnetic field due to ESD using equivalent circuit of magnetic near‐field probe

EMC Research Efforts in the IEEJ Technical Committee and State‐of‐the‐Art Case Studies on ESD Found in its Technical Papers

An Evaluation Method of Electromagnetic Interference on Bio-Sensor Used for Wearable Robot Control

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