Verification of tuberculosis infection among Vác mummies (18th century CE, Hungary) based on lipid biomarker profiling with a new HPLC-HESI-MS approach

Lipid biomarker-based verification of TB infection in mother’s and daughter’s mummified human remains (Vác Mummy Collection, 18th century, CE, Hungary)

“…For reference, in an earlier study, we used five MTBC strains (laboratory IDs of the isolated strains MTBC-1/2015; MTBC-254/2000; MTBC-3910/2014; MTBC-242/2000; and MTBC-1/8508/2014), isolated from patients, who had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The average distribution of the reference strains has been evaluated and published in our earlier report (Váradi et al 2021). The isolation of the reference strains was carried out in the Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary and the National Korányi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary, according to the national recommendations (EMMI, State Secretariat for Healthcare, 2018).…”

“…The isolation of the reference strains was carried out in the Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary and the National Korányi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary, according to the national recommendations (EMMI, State Secretariat for Healthcare, 2018). The identification and growing conditions followed a previously described protocol (Váradi et al 2021). The harvested bacterial samples were stored in freeze-dried form at -20 °C.…”

“…In the case of the sample pre-treatment and measurement of the MTBC strains, 20 mg of bacterial material was utilized and the previously described method was applied (Váradi et al 2021). For the lipid analysis of the mummy sample, 434 mg of bone powder was used.…”

“…Verification of TB infection in mummified human remains 4B). Earlier both individuals were proved to have mixed infection with the same M. tuberculosis strains via aDNA analysis (Kay et al 2015), and samples taken from the daughter presented positive MC profiles in previous HPLC-MS measurements (Váradi et al 2021).…”

“…bovis, M. gastri, M. haemophilum, M. kansasii, M. leprae, M. marinum, and M. ulcerans (Draper et al 1983;Minnikin et al 1985;Daffé and Lanéelle 1988;Hartmann and Minnikin, 1992;Minnikin et al 1993;Redman et al 2009). MCs have been detected for paleopathological investigations traditionally via NICI-GCMS (Redman et al 2009) and a HPLC-MS method has been newly introduced (Váradi et al 2021).…”