Vernalization requirements of Kernza intermediate wheatgrass

Locatelli, Andrés; Gutiérrez, Lucı́a; Picasso, Valentín

doi:10.1002/csc2.20667

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…(2021) and Locatelli et al. (2021) confirmed this vernalization temperature in greenhouse studies where photoperiod was also fixed for 10 h. Using Equation , Duchene et al. (2021) also found that the best estimate of minimum vernalization units for seed head induction was 71.9 with a 10–90% confidence interval range of 36.1 and 79.4 at an optimum daylength of between 13 and 14 h. Reducing daylength slows reproductive development, which explains why Locatelli et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021) also found that the best estimate of minimum vernalization units for seed head induction was 71.9 with a 10–90% confidence interval range of 36.1 and 79.4 at an optimum daylength of between 13 and 14 h. Reducing daylength slows reproductive development, which explains why Locatelli et al. (2021) found that IWG flowering was maximized after 7 wk (49 vernalization units) at 10‐h photoperiod. Our study is the first to apply this method of quantifying vernalization units to IWG flowering and grain yield in a field setting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing degree days (GDDs) were calculated using Equation :

\begin{equation}{\rm{GD}}{{\rm{D}}_i} = \left\{ {\left[ {{T_{{\rm{max}}(i)}} + {\rm{ }}{T_{{\rm{min}}(i)}}} \right]/2} \right\} - {T_{{\rm{base}}}}\end{equation}

where T max and T min are maximum and minimum temperatures for day i and T base is the base temperature of 0 °C, which has been used for IWG in previous studies (Duchene et al., 2021; Frank, 1996; Jungers et al., 2018; Locatelli et al., 2021). The accumulation of GDDs was calculated by summing GDDs from the day after seeding and the last day of GDD accumulation prior to eight consecutive days of daily average temperatures below −2.2 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results found that the optimum vernalization temperature for IWG was 4.6 ˚C with a range of ±7.9 ˚C. Ivancic et al (2021) and Locatelli et al (2021) confirmed this vernalization temperature in greenhouse studies where photoperiod was also fixed for 10 h. Using Equation 2, Duchene et al (2021) also found that the best estimate of minimum vernalization units for seed head induction was 71.9 with a 10-90% confidence interval range of 36.1 and 79.4 at an optimum daylength of between 13 and 14 h. Reducing daylength slows reproductive development, which explains why Locatelli et al (2021) found that IWG flowering was maximized after 7 wk (49 vernalization units) at 10-h photoperiod. Our study is the first to apply this method of quantifying vernalization units to IWG flowering and grain yield in a field setting.…”

Section: Effects Of Vernalization Units On Grain Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021) reported that flowering of three grain‐type IWG populations were greatest with a 4 °C air temperature and 10‐h photoperiod, whereas Locatelli et al. (2021) found that flowering reached 95% when IWG plants were exposed to 5 °C air temperature and 10‐h photoperiod for up to 7 wk. Duchene et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

et al. 2022

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Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) (IWG) is a perennial grass being domesticated for grain production with potential to provide economic return and ecosystem services across a broad geographic range in North America, yet optimum seeding dates for grain and biomass yield are unknown. Our objective was to determine the effect of late‐summer, fall, and spring seeding dates on grain and biomass yield of a grain‐type IWG population. Trials were conducted at St. Paul and Roseau, MN, Kalispell, MT, and Salina, KS. Seeding dates ranged from August to June of the following year. Grain and biomass yields were highest when seeded at the earliest late‐summer date for all environments except for Kansas, where a September 29 seeding date produced the greatest grain and biomass yields. Little to no grain was produced from spring seedings in the first production year, substantiating that photoperiod and vernalization requirements are needed for seed head induction. Grain and biomass yields were positively correlated to cumulative growing degree days (GDD) from seeding date to winter dormancy. A quadratic response was observed at Salina, KS, where seed yields maximized when GDD accumulation reached 912. Accumulation of vernalization units throughout fall, winter, and spring after seeding was also positively correlated with grain yield. The minimum vernalization units for grain production varied from 50 to 87 across sites. Results highlight important associations between thermal units and IWG grain yield when seeded in late summer; however, other variables affecting IWG seed head induction (e.g., photoperiod, snow cover) require further study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing degree days (GDDs) were calculated using Equation :

\begin{equation}{\rm{GD}}{{\rm{D}}_i} = \left\{ {\left[ {{T_{{\rm{max}}(i)}} + {\rm{ }}{T_{{\rm{min}}(i)}}} \right]/2} \right\} - {T_{{\rm{base}}}}\end{equation}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Vernalization Units On Grain Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

et al. 2022

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Forage harvest management impacts “Kernza” intermediate wheatgrass productivity across North America

Culman,

Pinto,

Pugliese

et al. 2023

Agronomy Journal

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Intermediate wheatgrass [IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, trade name Kernza] is a widely adapted, cool‐season forage grass, actively bred for perennial grain production. Most of IWG's net primary productivity is directed to nonreproductive structures, so dual‐use strategies to harvest both grain and forage represent a potentially viable pathway to increase its productivity and profitability. We conducted a 3‐year trial at nine diverse environments across North America to evaluate grain and forage yields and forage nutritive value of an early IWG breeding line under contrasting forage harvest managements. These included control (no forage harvest), summer forage harvest immediately after grain harvest, and summer forage harvest with spring or fall forage harvests. Across all sites, IWG grain yields averaged 745, 296, and 221 kg ha−1 for the first, second, and third years, respectively. Grain yields were influenced more by stand age than site. Summer forage mass after grain harvest averaged 6.0, 4.5, and 5.7 Mg ha−1 respectively for the first 3 years. Forage mass was less influenced by stand age, and more by site and forage harvest frequency. Fall forage harvest increased grain yields while spring forage harvests decreased grain yields and both treatments increased total relative feed nutritive values. Collectively, our results demonstrate that harvesting forage can improve both grain yield and forage nutritive values. Farmers growing IWG as a perennial grain can benefit from dual‐use management by harvesting both grain and forage.

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Agronomic assessment of two populations of intermediate wheatgrass—Kernza® (Thinopyrum intermedium) in temperate South America

et al. 2022

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Background: Kernza ® intermediate wheatgrass is a perennial grain and forage crop that can provide several ecosystem services. Major research efforts focused on Kernza have taken place in high latitudes. The goal of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the agronomic performance of Kernza in a low-latitude region with mild winters. Methods: A KS-cycle 4 Kernza population (A) was planted in spring in Wisconsin, USA, and selected in one cycle for lower vernalization requirements, obtaining a new population (B). These two populations, at three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates, were evaluated in a full factorial, completely randomized field experiment in Uruguay over 2 years. Results: The populations were similar in grain yields and flowering time in the 1st year, but population B had 63% lower grain yield in the 2nd year and 20% lower forage yield throughout the experiment. Increasing the N rate to 160 kg ha −1 led to a 63% increase in grain yield and 28% increase in forage yield across populations. Forage yields and nutritive values were similar to those reported in the northern hemisphere. However, grain yields for both the 1st (316 kg ha −1 ) and 2nd year (41 kg ha −1 ) were lower due to reduced flowering and weed competition. Conclusions: Expansion of Kernza to lower-latitude regions will require further breeding to improve reproductive performance.

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Vernalization requirements of Kernza intermediate wheatgrass

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass

Forage harvest management impacts “Kernza” intermediate wheatgrass productivity across North America

Agronomic assessment of two populations of intermediate wheatgrass—Kernza® (Thinopyrum intermedium) in temperate South America

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