Verruciform xanthoma

Zegarelli, David J.; Zegarelli-Schmidt, Elena C.; Zegarelli, Edward V.

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(74)90393-4

Cited by 99 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In 95.7% of the cases no symptoms were present, justifying the long duration of 12.8±19.7 months (range 2 weeks-12 years, median duration 6 months) before diagnosis. In one case ( 11 ) a barely discernible radiolucency could be noticed upon radiographic examination. The follow up period ranged from 2 months – 18 years (mean follow-up time 8.9±8 years, median follow-up time 3 years) and 6 cases recurred (12%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oral verruciform xanthoma: Report of 13 new cases and review of the literature

Tamiolakis

Theofilou²,

Tosios³

et al. 2018

Med Oral

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BackgroundOral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is a rare lesion. The purpose of the present study is to describe the clinical features of 13 OVXs and review all cases reported in the English literature.Material and MethodsThirteen cases of OVX diagnosed during a 47-year period were retrospectively collected. The patients’ gender and age, as well as the main clinical features of the lesions were retrieved from the biopsy request forms. Pubmed®, Scopus® and Google ScholarTM electronic databases were searched with the key word “verruciform xanthoma”. Only cases of histologically confirmed OVX were included in the study.ResultsThe 13 OVXs represented approximately 0.04% of 35,617 biopsies accessioned during the study period. They affected 13 patients, 8 males and 5 females with a mean age of 48.8±14 years. They mainly appeared as asymptomatic granular nodules or plaques, with elastic or normal consistency and white color, in the gingiva or hard palate. Literature review yielded 416 cases of OVX. With the addition of cases of the present study, 429 cases of OVX have been presented in the English literature. OVX has a slight male predominance with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1 and the majority of patients are in the 5th to 7th decade of life. Clinically, OVX mainly presents as an asymptomatic, single, papillary or granular plaque or nodule, with elastic or soft consistency and white, red or pink color. It measures approximately 1cm and is most commonly located on the gingiva, tongue, hard palate or buccal mucosa. The treatment of choice is surgical excision with little rates of recurrence.ConclusionsVerruciform xanthoma is a rare lesion most often encountered on the ginigival mucosa. As its clinical presentation is not pathognomonic, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of verrucous or papillary lesions. Key words:Oral verruciform xanthoma, oral tumors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Oral verruciform xanthoma: Report of 13 new cases and review of the literature

Tamiolakis

Theofilou²,

Tosios³

et al. 2018

Med Oral

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“…Histologically, the verrucous appearance and accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells particularly in the papillary layer of the lamina propria are characteristic of VX. Most authors have believed that the foam cells are lipid-laden macrophages (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). However, others proposed that most foam cells are vacuolated fibroblasts (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenesis of verruciform xanthoma has intrigued previous investigators. On the basis of ultrastructural findings, it was proposed that local trauma and inflammation lead to epithelial entrapment (8,9). Subsequently, degeneration and necrosis were assumed to follow.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of verruciform xanthoma by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry

Iamaroon

Vickers

1996

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign lesion, mainly found in the oral mucosa. Histologically and ultrastructurally, the lesion is characteristic and well defined. However, the etiology of the lesion remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to elaborate upon the pathogenesis of VX by evaluation of an additional series of oral examples for human papillomaviruses (HPV), using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and to further characterize the cellular components of VX immunohistochemically. Twelve specimens diagnosed as VX were retrospectively collected. One of the twelve specimens was positive for HPV types 6/11 by in situ hybridization. None of the twelve specimens demonstrated the presence of HPV antigen by immunohistochemistry. By immunohistochemical studies, the predominant cells in the inflammatory infiltrate were T cells. The foam cells were of monocyte/macrophage lineage. S-100-positive (Langerhans) cells were occasionally found in the suprabasal layer of the epithelium. HLA-DR-positive keratinocytes were noted at the intense inflammatory sites. Taken together, these findings suggest that an immune response may play a role, at least in part, in VX pathogenesis.

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“…Regarding the pathogenesis of lipid-laden macrophages in the dermal papillae, Zegarelli[16] proposed that initial damage to keratinocytes by an inciting agent is followed by degeneration of keratinocytes, which attracts dermal dendrocytes to engulf the debris and these develop into foam cells due to ingestion of lipids from the degenerating keratinocytes in the subepithelial dermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verruciform xanthoma: Report of five cases

Joshi

Ovhal

2012

Indian J Dermatol

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We describe five cases of verruciform xanthoma (VX). The patients, all males, presented with single warty verrucous lesions of 0.5–2 cm size that had been diagnosed clinically as viral warts (four cases) and leukoplakia (one case). Two patients had the lesion in the oral cavity, two on the genital mucosa, and one on the scrotal skin. Histopathology was diagnostic, with verrucous and papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia with the silhouette of a viral wart but with numerous foamy histiocytes packed in the elongated dermal papillae. Columns of deep parakeratosis and neutrophils in the upper spinous layers, with a dermal plasma cell infiltrate were the other histopathologic findings. Excision of the lesions was curative, without recurrences, in the two patients who had lesions in the oral cavity; follow-up was not available in the cases with genital lesions. VX is an uncommon but distinctive clinicopathologic entity affecting the oral and genital mucosa that may be mistaken for benign, premalignant, and malignant conditions. VX can be diagnosed with certainty only on histopathologic examination.

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Verruciform xanthoma

Cited by 99 publications

References 12 publications

Oral verruciform xanthoma: Report of 13 new cases and review of the literature

Oral verruciform xanthoma: Report of 13 new cases and review of the literature

Characterization of verruciform xanthoma by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry

Verruciform xanthoma: Report of five cases

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