Verruciform xanthoma of the oral mucosa. Report of four cases and a review of the literature

Verruciform xanthoma: case report

“…Generally, it presents as a small, asymptomatic, slow-growing lesion, that is either sessile or pedunculated, and pink or whitened. The most common area of occurrence is the oral masticatory mucosa to Oliveira et al 14 , however, the present case showed a young patient of 21 years of age affected. According to the literature, the duration of the lesion is unknown, since it is usually diagnosed during a routine exam.…”

“…after immunohistochemical studies, they confirmed the macrophagic origin of the xanthoma cells [13][14] , in which their cytoplasm is PAS-positive 2 . The pathogenic mechanisms reported in the literature for VX comprise inflammation, virus, local trauma, lipid metabolism disorders and immunological changes 7,12,15 .…”

“…patients into consideration in their studies. There appears to be predilection for Caucasian patients 2,11,14 . In the case presented, the patient was of Afro-Brazilian descent.…”

A rare case of giant verruciform xanthoma in the palate

“…Since 2001, the following reports written in English were found in PubMed: a series with 15 new cases described by Yu et al 8 ; another two cases reported by Sah et al 7 ; and 11 isolated case reports, totaling 29 new cases including the present case 5,[11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Among all cited studies, only five verruciform xanthomas were described, in addition to the present case 12,14 . More cases have been described involving Asians; Philipsen et al 4 found 109 verruciform xanthomas in Japanese in their series of 282 cases, and another 15 cases were described in Taiwan more recently 8 .…”

“…The verrucous type presents acanthosis, hyperparakeratosis, and elongation of the rete ridges; the papillary type presents numerous finger-like projections containing connective tissue and parakeratin crypts; and the flat type presents subsurface epithelial proliferation [8][9] . Immunohistochemical studies show that xanthomatous cells are positive for CD68+, so they are considered cells of the macrophage lineage 4,6,14 .…”