Vertebral Artery Loop—A Cause of Cervical Radiculopathy

Chibbaro, Salvatore; Mirone, Giuseppe; Yasuda, Muneyoshi; Marsella, M.; Emidio, P. Di; George, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2011.12.002

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This was probably because the VA could not exert a strong pulsatory effect on the proximal root and there might be a remaining space for the root based three-dimensional constructions. In two other reports with cervical radiculopathy associated with the medial loop of the VA, the symptoms were treated with either conservative or surgical approaches4,11). In the present study, the cervical radiculopathy was resolved after conservative treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…One report related to anatomical variations of the VA stated that the incidence of a medial loop of the VA protruding into the proximal part of the intervertebral foramen was 0.8%3). Reports based on cadaveric and imaging studies only emphasized the importance of preoperative investigations and only two reports described spontaneous cervical radiculopathy4,11). However, none of the cases in the present study developed symptoms spontaneously.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Medial Loop of V2 Segment of Vertebral Artery Causing Compression of Proximal Cervical Root

Park

Yang

Lee

2012

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveIt is rare that the medial loop in the V2 segment of the vertebral artery (VA) causes compression of the proximal cervical root of the spinal cord without leading to bony erosion and an enlarged foramen. We evaluated the clinical significance and incidence of the medial loop in the V2 segment of the VA.MethodsWe reviewed the records from 1000 consecutive patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the cervical spine between January 2005 and January 2008. The inclusion criteria were that over a third of the axial aspect of the VA located in the intervertebral foramen was inside the line between the most ventral points of the bilateral lateral mass, and that the ipsilateral proximal root deviated dorsally because of the medial loop of the VA. We excluded cases of bone erosion, a widened foramen at the medial loop of the VA, any bony abnormalities, tumors displacing VA, or vertebral fractures. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively to search for factors of clinical significance.ResultsIn six patients (0.6%), the VA formed a medial loop that caused compression of the proximal cervical root. One of these patients had the cervical radiculopathy that developed after minor trauma but the others did not present with cervical radiculopathy related to the medial loop of the VA.ConclusionThe medial loop of the VA might have a direct effect on cervical radiculopathy. Therefore, this feature should be of critical consideration in preoperative planning and during surgery.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Medial Loop of V2 Segment of Vertebral Artery Causing Compression of Proximal Cervical Root

Park

Yang

Lee

2012

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The anatomy of the cervical spine, with its high physical mobility and its proximity to vital structures such as the vertebral artery and the cervical spinal nerves, makes this region clinically important. Surgery on the cervical spine is performed for tumors and metastases, 1,2 vertebral artery loop, 3,4 degenerative disease, and trauma. 5 During surgery in this region there is a potential risk of injuring the spinal cord, the vertebral artery, and the nerve roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Study of the Cervical Spinal Canal Content and the Vertebral Artery

Aydoğmuş

Çavdar

2020

Int J Spine Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The morphological features of the cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8), their dimensions, and their anatomical relations with the vertebral artery are important for safe spinal surgery. The aim of the present study is to give detailed morphological data of the region to avoid complications. Methods: Five formalin-fixed adult cadavers were studied. The cervical spinal nerves and the vertebral artery were exposed via the posterior approach, and detailed anatomy and morphometric measurements were evaluated. The following measurements were documented: angles between the spinal nerve and the spinal cord of C1 to C8, width of the C1 to C8 spinal nerves at their origin, distance of the spinal cord to the vertebral artery, number of dorsal rootlets, length of the dorsal root entry zone of C1 to C8, and distance between respective spinal nerves. Further, the average length and width of the transverse foramen were measured. Results: The average angle between the spinal cord and the spinal nerve within the vertebral canal ranged between 54 and 87 degrees and were most acute at C5 (54 degrees) compared to the rest of the cervical spinal nerves. The average width of the spinal nerves (mean 6 SD), was thickest at C5 (5.7 6 1.2 mm) and C6 (5.8 6 0.7 mm). The average largest distance between the vertebral artery and the spinal cord was at C2 (14.3 6 1.7 mm) and the smallest at C5 (7.3 6 0.9 mm) and C6 (7.3 6 2.2 mm) spinal levels. The number of dorsal rootlets was most numerous at C6 (8.25 6 0.6) and C7 (7.25 6 0.9). The dorsal root entry zone length was the largest at C5 (13.0 6 1.6 mm) and C6 (13.75 6 0.5 mm). The distance between respective spinal nerves was largest between C2 and C3 (11.8 6 2.2) and C7 and C8 (11.5 6 0.6). Conclusion: The knowledge of detailed anatomy of the cervical spine (C1-C8) and its relations with the vertebral artery will reduce the unwanted damage to the vital structures of the region.

show abstract

“…The second component used in the study is the Doppler effect consisting in the change of the frequency of the wave reflected from the moving object in relation to the frequency of the wave being transmitted. Frequencies of 1-10 MHz are most commonly used for diagnostic purposes [24][25][26].…”

Section: Doppler Ultrasound Of the System Of The Vertebrobasilar Artementioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Anomalies of Carotid-Vertebral Arteries in Patients with Dizziness and Impaired Hearing

Olszewski¹,

Niewiadomski²

2018

Carotid Artery - Gender and Health [Working Title]

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently, Doppler ultrasound examinations are of particular importance, including continuous wave Doppler and color-coded pulsed wave Doppler. Excellent images are obtained using contrast computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), which give greater understanding of blood flow in the cranial and intracranial vessels under normal conditions and in pathological situations caused by both anatomical anomalies and acquired abnormalities. Our previous studies, concerning the analysis of the frequency and types of anatomical anomalies of the cranial arteries, i.e. vertebral and carotid arteries, in patients with dizziness and impaired hearing, demonstrated that hypoplasia of the right vertebral artery was the most common anatomical anomaly occurring in 58.7% of cases, of which 51.7% were women and 6.9% men; hypoplasia of the left vertebral artery, occurring in 24.7% of the study group, of which 13.8% were women and 10.3% men; hypoplasia of the right internal carotid artery found in 3.4% of women and of the left internal carotid artery in 6.8% of cases, 3.4% in women and 3.4% in men; and hypoplasia of the right common carotid artery was reported in 3.4% of men, whereas critical stenosis of the left subclavian artery with subclavian steal syndrome was observed in 3.4% of women. Although tinnitus was the most frequent symptom occurring in those patients, in this study dizziness was most common in patients admitted to the Department for the diagnosis, possibly because they found it more disturbing.

show abstract

Vertebral Artery Loop—A Cause of Cervical Radiculopathy

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Medial Loop of V2 Segment of Vertebral Artery Causing Compression of Proximal Cervical Root

Medial Loop of V2 Segment of Vertebral Artery Causing Compression of Proximal Cervical Root

Morphometric Study of the Cervical Spinal Canal Content and the Vertebral Artery

Anatomical Anomalies of Carotid-Vertebral Arteries in Patients with Dizziness and Impaired Hearing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About