Vertebrate Cartilages

Moss, Melvin L.; Moss-Salentijn, Letty

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-319501-2.50007-8

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The results of the present investigation indicate that the morphologies and chemical compositions of hagfish lingual cartilages are different from those of larval (Wright and Youson, 1982) and adult lamprey cartilage and other vertebrate cartilages (Stockwell, 1979;Moss and Moss-Salentijn, 1983;Sheldon, 1983). All cartilaginous elements studied in the adult lamprey have the same ultrastructural characteristics and chemical composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Cartilage in the atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa

et al. 1984

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Light and electron microscopic observations and biochemical analysis of the lingual cartilages from the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, reveal two different types of cartilage, designated types 1 and 2, respectively. The anterior and medial lingual are type 1, while the posterior lingual cartilage is type 2. Chondrocytes in type 1 cartilage are similar to those found in other vertebrate cartilages. The presence within the Golgi elements of material that resembles a component of the extracellular matrix suggests the involvement of active chondrocytes in the synthesis of the matrix. The matrix of the type 1 cartilage contains fibrils arranged to form concentric lamellae in the territorial matrix and irregularly arranged, branched fibrils in the interterritorial matrix. Biochemical analysis of the type 1 cartilage reveals that it is composed primarily of a cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-insoluble protein of unique composition that we have termed " myxinin ." Myxinin appears to be similar, but not identical, to lamprin . Type 2 cartilage bears no resemblance to any other known vertebrate cartilage. The principal cells are hypertrophied and are characterized by masses of cytoplasmic filaments. The appearance of the organelles in smaller nest cells suggests that nest cells are active in the production of some of the matrix, which consists primarily of collagen. Microfibrils and a basal lamina-like material are also present. Biochemical analysis of the type 2 cartilage reveals that the CNBr-insoluble material is different from myxinin . Comparisons of lamprey and hagfish cartilages prompt the concept that these two agnathans probably followed long-independent evolutionary histories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Cartilage in the atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa

et al. 1984

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“…Biochemical signals, or connective tissue stem cells, could move through the interstitial fluid and down these canals, thus inducing mineralization of the walls. Although we do not understand the process by which the vascularized mesenchyme of a cartilage canal invades hyaline cartilage, it appears to be a common phenomenon in cartilaginous elements greater than 3 mm in diameter (Moss and Moss-Salentijn, 1983). If trabeculae are degenerate, mineralized cartilage canals, then they may well increase in diameter over their entire length during ontogeny.…”

Section: Calcified Cartilagementioning

confidence: 98%

Stiffening the stingray skeleton ? an investigation of durophagy in Myliobatid stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea, Myliobatidae)

Summers

2000

Journal of Morphology

158

156

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The stingray family Myliobatidae contains five durophagous (hard prey specialist) genera and two planktivorous genera. A suite of morphological features makes it possible for the hard prey specialists to crush mollusks and crustaceans in their cartilaginous jaws. These include: 1) flat, pavement-like tooth plates set in an elastic dental ligament; 2) multiple layers of calcified cartilage on the surface of the jaws; 3) calcified struts running through the jaws; and 4) a lever system that amplifies the force of the jaw adductors. Examination of a range of taxa reveals that the presence of multiple layers of calcified cartilage, previously described from just a few species, is a plesiomorphy of Chondrichthyes. Calcified struts within the jaw, called "trabecular cartilage," are found only in the myliobatid genera, including the planktivorous Manta birostris. In the durophagous taxa, the struts are concentrated under the area where prey is crushed, thereby preventing local buckling of the jaws. Trabecular cartilage develops early in ontogeny, and does not appear to develop as a direct result of the stresses associated with feeding on hard prey. A "nutcracker" model of jaw function is proposed. In this model, the restricted gape, fused mandibular and palatoquadrate symphyses, and asynchronous contraction of the jaw adductors function to amplify the closing force by 2-4 times.

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“…First, the chondrocytes of secondary cartilages are larger and less regularly arranged than those of primary cartilages [Petrovicetal.. 1975: Beresford. 1981: Moss and Moss-Salentijn. 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracellular matrix is also less abundant in secondary cartilage than in primary cartilage [Beresford. 1981: Moss andMoss-Salentijn. 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mechanical Loads on Surface Morphology of the Condylar Cartilage of the Mandible in Rats

Bouvier¹,

Zimny²

1987

Cells Tissues Organs

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Mechanical loads on the condylar cartilage were varied by feeding either a hard diet, a soft diet, or a sequential combination of a soft diet followed by a hard diet to young male and female rats for a total period of 4 weeks, and to mature male rats for 12 weeks. Gross condylar dimensions were greatest in the hard-diet groups, intermediate in the combination soft/hard-diet groups, and smallest in the soft-diet groups. Scanning electron microscopy of the condyle revealed a smooth, nonporous articular surface in the soft-diet groups. Hard-diet condyles had a rougher, more porous articular surface while soft/hard-diet condyles were intermediate between nonporous and slightly roughened condyles. None of the condyles showed ridges or elevations on the articular surface. Sex, age and time of the diets did not significantly affect these results.

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Vertebrate Cartilages

Cited by 25 publications

References 84 publications

Cartilage in the atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa

Cartilage in the atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa

Stiffening the stingray skeleton ? an investigation of durophagy in Myliobatid stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea, Myliobatidae)

Effects of Mechanical Loads on Surface Morphology of the Condylar Cartilage of the Mandible in Rats

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