“…Solov'ev (2008) studied the bearing capacity of the foundation soil beneath the cutting edge of an open caisson using limit equilibrium theory, and Chavda et al (2019) carried out a series of model tests to study the vertical bearing capacity and the soil flow mechanism around the cutting edge of an open caisson. Moreover, for offshore caisson foundations, the bearing capacity under combined V-H-M (vertical-horizontal-moment) loads was studied in clay (Zhang et al, 2011;Hung and Kim, 2014;Fu et al, 2018;Skau et al, 2018), sand (Cheng and Cassidy, 2016;Park et al, 2016;Jin et al, 2019), in sand over clay (Qiu and Henke, 2011;Park and Park, 2017;Zou et al, 2018), and in stiff over soft clay (Xia, et al, 2021). Some studies have also investigated the dynamic response of large embedded foundations (caisson foundations and anchorage open caissons) under horizontal and vertical vibrations (Apsel and Luco, 1987;Latini and Zania, 2017;Chen et al, 2007;Senjuntichai et al, 2006;Bilotta et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2019).…”