Vertical Bridgman growth of calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet crystals

Na Modification of Lanthanide Doped Ca3Nb1.5Ga3.5O12-Type Laser Garnets: Czochralski Crystal Growth and Characterization

“…In the case of Yb:CNGG and Yb:CNNGG crystals, this site is also fully occupied by pentavalent Nb1 and trivalent Ga1 with occupancy factors ∼0.65 and ∼0. 35, respectively (see Table 2). With regard to the previously mentioned disordered garnets, in addition to lattice distortions due to ionic radii differences, CNGG crystals have another contribution to the structural disorder originating from spatial changes in the distribution of cationic charge around Yb, giving rise to five kinds of charge distributions, i.e., (i) Nb1 × 4, (ii) Nb1 × 3+Ga1 × 1, (iii) Nb1 × 2+Ga1 × 2, (iv) Nb1 × 1+Ga1 × 3, (v) Ga1 × 4, each one with different probability.…”

“…The crystal growth procedures may lead to garnet crystals with different Ln bandwidth properties; for instance, garnets grown from fluxes exhibit a more perfect structure and smaller Ln bandwidths than those grown from the CZ method . CNGG type single crystals have been grown from its melt, either by Bridgman, μ-pulling down, or, most commonly, by the CZ method. Details of the CZ growth procedures can be found in the literature for CNGG, CLNGG, CTGG, and CLTGG .…”

Growth and characterization of calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet single crystal

“…In recent years, Ca 3 Nb 1.7100 Ga 3.1500 O 12 (CNGG), Ca 3-Li 0.275 Nb 1.775 Ga 2.95 O 12 (CLNGG), and Ca 3 Ga 2 Ge 3 O 12 (CGGG) crystals have received a great deal of attention as laser hosts for their disordered structure [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Because of their broad absorption, emission bands, and their potential applications in ultra-shortpulse lasers, many RE 3+ -doped crystals from this family have been reported, and many good results have been obtained.…”

Growth and characterizations of calcium tantalum gallium garnet single crystal

“…Although glasses doped with rare earth ions satisfy this condition, their use in diodepumped lasers is limited by their small thermal conductivity. Today there is an increasing interest in RE 3+ -doped disordered single crystals, such as CNGG, CLNGG, tungstates, molybdates and new disordered crystal materials for their nonuniformly broadened absorption and emission spectra and good thermal conductivity [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”