Vertical distribution of PM2.5 and interactions with the atmospheric boundary layer during the development stage of a heavy haze pollution event

Liu, Cheng; Huang, Jianping; Wang, Yongwei; Tao, Xinyu; Hu, Cheng; Deng, Lichen; Xu, Jianming; Xiao, Hao; Luo, Li; Xiao, Huayun; Xiao, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135329

Cited by 66 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…0.12 m 2 s -2 (-33.43%), which is consistent with China's largest SW radiation change area. This is in line with the findings of Wang et al, (2020), who found that during a haze episode in winter, the TKE in Beijing declined by 0.1-0.7 m 2 s -2 due to the aerosol-included effect. The reduction of TKE in YRD reaches 23.09% in our findings, which is the second-highest TKE reduction region in China.…”

Section: Aerosol Effect On Meteorologysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The relationship between PBL characteristics and pollution events has been highlighted for various regions around the world, e.g. Spain (Adame et al, 2015), Paris (Dupont et al, 2016), India (Nair et al, 2018;Patil et al, 2014), and China (Gao et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2020;Miao and Liu, 2019;Qu et al, 2017). Though boundary layer ozone is less restricted to PBL due to its relatively long lifetime (Hayashida et al, 2018;Verstraeten et al, 2015), the consumers and precursors of ozone could be influenced by this meteorological feedback between aerosols and PBL (Nguyen et al, 2019), therefore influencing ozone itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of the effect of aerosols on surface ozone through meteorology feedbacks over China

Qu¹,

Voulgarakis²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Interactions between aerosols and gases in the atmosphere have been the focus of an increasing number of studies in recent years. Here, we focus on aerosol effects on tropospheric ozone that involve meteorological feedbacks induced by aerosol-radiation interactions. Specifically, we study the effects that involve aerosol influences on the transport of gaseous pollutants and on atmospheric moisture, both of which can impact ozone chemistry. For this purpose, we use the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) with which we performed sensitivity simulations including and excluding the aerosol direct radiative effect (ADE) on atmospheric chemistry, and focused our analysis on an area with high aerosol presence, namely China. By comparing the simulations, we found that ADE reduced the shortwave radiation by 11 % in China, and consequently led to lower turbulent kinetic energy, weaker horizontal winds and a shallower boundary layer (with a maximum of 102.28 m reduction in north China). On the one hand, the suppressed boundary layer limited the export and diffusion of pollutants, and increased the concentration of CO, SO2, NO, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 in the aerosol rich regions. The NO / NO2 ratio generally increased and led to more ozone depletion. On the other hand, the boundary layer top acted as a barrier that trapped moisture at lower altitudes and reduced the moisture at higher altitudes (the specific humidity was reduced by 1.69 % at 1493 m averaged in China). Due to reduced water vapor, fewer clouds were formed, and more sunlight reached the surface, so the photolytical production of ozone increased. Under the combined effect of the two meteorology feedback methods, the annual average ozone concentration in China declined by 2.01 ppb (6.2 %), which was found to bring the model in closer agreement with surface ozone measurements from different parts of China.

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Section: Aerosol Effect On Meteorologysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of aerosols on surface ozone through meteorology feedbacks over China

Qu¹,

Voulgarakis²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although numerical simulations allow for convenient approximations of the phenomena occurring in ABL [ 34 ], the use of drones now makes it possible to verify and expand research in many other areas from agriculture to energy [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Drones allow for high-resolution measurements, the measurements of vertical profiles of PM 2.5 concerning air humidity [ 44 ], measurements on the impact of aerosols on surface ozone concentration [ 19 ], and the spatial distribution of aerosols in specific location and time [ 45 , 46 ], like mountain valleys [ 47 ], rural riverside areas [ 48 ], and temperature [ 49 ]. Increasingly, attention is being paid to interdependencies and correlations between the different components of the atmosphere [ 50 , 51 ] and various events during air pollution episodes [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing of Low-Cost Air Pollution Sensor—Measurements with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Poland

Pochwała

Gardecki

Lewandowski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This article presents the capabilities and selected measurement results from the newly developed low-cost air pollution measurement system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The system is designed and manufactured by the authors and is intended to facilitate, accelerate, and ensure the safety of operators when measuring air pollutants. It allows the creation of three-dimensional models and measurement visualizations, thanks to which it is possible to observe the location of leakage of substances and the direction of air pollution spread by various types of substances. Based on these models, it is possible to create area audits and strategies for the elimination of pollution sources. Thanks to the usage of a multi-socket microprocessor system, the combination of nine different air quality sensors can be installed in a very small device. The possibility of simultaneously measuring several different substances has been achieved at a very low cost for building the sensor unit: 70 EUR. The very small size of this device makes it easy and safe to mount it on a small drone (UAV). Because of this device, many harmful chemical compounds such as ammonia, hexane, benzene, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, as well as flammable substances such as hydrogen and methane, can be detected. Additionally, a very important function is the ability to perform measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 suspended particulates. Thanks to the use of UAV, the measurement is carried out remotely by the operator, which allows us to avoid the direct exposure of humans to harmful factors. A big advantage is the quick measurement of large spaces, at different heights above the ground, in different weather conditions. Because of the three-dimensional positioning from GPS receiver, users can plot points and use colors reflecting a concentration of measured features to better visualize the air pollution. A human-friendly data output can be used to determine the mostly hazardous regions of the sampled area.

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“…Nocturnal low-level jet and temperature inversion are well-known examples of wind and thermal phenomena, respectively, which occur in the lower ABL [6,7]. In addition, air pollutants frequently accumulate within the lower ABL close to emission sources when the atmosphere is stable [8,9]. The variations in the vertical structure of lower ABL are predominantly attributed to the heating of the earth's surface due to solar insolation, topography, land cover types, vegetation, anthropogenic heat, surface obstacles, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the observations using fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAVs, vertical profile observations using rotary-wing UAVs have become popular as a rotary-wing UAV can hover at an altitude for a certain time [22]. In previous studies using rotary-wing UAV observations, large daytime variations in the vertical profiles of the lower ABL and its impacts on near-surface atmospheric environments have been clearly discussed [8,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime Evolution of Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure: Comparative Observations between a 307-m Meteorological Tower and a Rotary-Wing UAV

et al. 2020

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A 307-m tall meteorological tower was used to evaluate meteorological observation data obtained using a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A comparative study between the tower and UAV observations was conducted during the daytime (06:00 to 19:00 local time (LT)) in the summer of 2017 (16–18thAugust). Hourly vertical profiles of air temperature, relative humidity, black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) concentrations were obtained for up to 300 m height. Statistical metrics for evaluating the accuracy of UAV observations against the tower observation showed positive (potential temperature) and negative (relative humidity) biases, which were within acceptable ranges. The daytime evolution of the lower atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) was successfully captured by the hourly UAV observations. During the early morning, a large vertical slope of potential temperature was observed between 100 and 140 m, corresponding to the stable ABL height. The large vertical slope coincided with the large differences in BC and O3 concentrations between altitudes below and above the height. The transition from stable to convective ABL was observed at 10–11 LT, indicated by the ABL height higher than 300 m in the convective ABL. Finally, we provide several recommendations to reduce uncertainties of UAV observation.

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Vertical distribution of PM2.5 and interactions with the atmospheric boundary layer during the development stage of a heavy haze pollution event

Cited by 66 publications

References 57 publications

A study of the effect of aerosols on surface ozone through meteorology feedbacks over China

A study of the effect of aerosols on surface ozone through meteorology feedbacks over China

Developing of Low-Cost Air Pollution Sensor—Measurements with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Poland

Daytime Evolution of Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure: Comparative Observations between a 307-m Meteorological Tower and a Rotary-Wing UAV

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