Vertical fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds in the western Alboran Sea (southwestern Mediterranean)

Dachs, Jordi; Bayona, Josep M.; Fowler, Scott W.; Miquel, Juan‐Carlos; Albaigés, Joan

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(95)00084-4

Cited by 107 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Anthropogenic metal fluxes (Ni, Cu and Pb) at the Black Sea were higher by a factor of 4 and in the case of Cd by a factor of 6, whilst no significant difference was observed for the elements Al, Mn and Fe. As for PAHs (Table 2b), concentrations and fluxes reported in this study are comparable to those reported for the open Western Mediterranean Sea (Bouloubassi et al, 2006) and Alboran Sea (Dachs et al, 1996), higher than those previously reported for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Tsapakis et al, 2006), lower than those recently reported for the Black Sea (Parinos et al, 2013) and considerably lower than those reported for Ligurian Sea (DYFAMED, Deyme et al, 2011;Lipiatou et al, 1993) and French coast (Raoux et al, 1999).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, only few studies have quantified the temporal variability of major and trace metals flux in the Mediterranean Sea, mainly in the western basin (Heimbürger et al, 2010(Heimbürger et al, , 2011(Heimbürger et al, , 2012Martin et al, 2009;Migon et al, 2002), while in turn the Mediterranean is rich in sediment trap studies reporting time-series data of PAH settling fluxes (Bouloubassi et al, 2006;Dachs et al 1996;Deyme et al, 2011;Lipiatou et al, 1993;Raoux et al, 1999;Tsapakis et al, 2006). The present study quantifies for the first time simultaneous determination of elemental carbon (EC), metals and PAH fluxes in the SE Ionian Sea, at a sediment trap line deployed in NESTOR basin (Eastern Mediterranean) from May 2007 to October 2008 at five successive water column depths (700, 1200, 2000, 3200 and 4300 m).…”

Section: Theodosi Et Al: Downward Fluxes Of Elemental Carbon Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Downward fluxes of elemental carbon, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settling particles from the deep Ionian Sea (NESTOR site), Eastern Mediterranean

et al. 2013

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To assess sources and major processes controlling the vertical transport of both anthropogenic and natural chemical species in a deep basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (SE Ionian Sea, Nestor site), we performed chemical characterization (elemental carbon, major and trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) of marine sinking particles. Sediment traps were deployed at five successive depths, 700, 1200, 2000, 3200 and 4300 m from the sea surface from May 2007 to October 2008. Fluxes of all measured chemical species, attributed to both natural and anthropogenic sources, exhibited minimum values from January to March 2008 and maximum from April to September 2008. Crustal matter flux from atmospheric inputs – either "freshly" deposited or stored in the surface layers – plays an important role in the temporal variability of particulate marine matter fluxes along with particulate organic carbon export, imposing ballast effects. Tracers (elemental carbon, retene) of the devastating forest fires that occurred in August 2007 in southern Greece were detected in sediment trap material from all depths with a delay of 15 days at 4300 m, indicating a rapid and well-coupled transport of sinking particulate material between the sea-surface and deep layers of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. This is in accordance with an evident covariance between certain compounds, suggesting common sources and/or transport mechanisms to depth. Lateral inputs of pollutants at the deepest trap (4300 m) are probably of importance, related to the periodic influence of deep Adriatic water at the study site

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Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Theodosi Et Al: Downward Fluxes Of Elemental Carbon Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downward fluxes of elemental carbon, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settling particles from the deep Ionian Sea (NESTOR site), Eastern Mediterranean

et al. 2013

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“…In the open sea, fine suspended particulate matter settles very slowly (<0.01 mm·s −1 ) (44) and thus remains in the surface layers for extended time periods (45,46). However, those particles can be scavenged by marine snow consisting of diatoms, feces, feeding structures, or detritus, therewith cosedimenting rapidly (47,48). Marine snow can settle at 50 to >200 m·d −1 (12,14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained deposition of contaminants from the Deepwater Horizon spill

Yan

Passow

Chanton

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in 1.6–2.6 × 1010 grams of petrocarbon accumulation on the seafloor. Data from a deep sediment trap, deployed 7.4 km SW of the well between August 2010 and October 2011, disclose that the sinking of spill-associated substances, mediated by marine particles, especially phytoplankton, continued at least 5 mo following the capping of the well. In August/September 2010, an exceptionally large diatom bloom sedimentation event coincided with elevated sinking rates of oil-derived hydrocarbons, black carbon, and two key components of drilling mud, barium and olefins. Barium remained in the water column for months and even entered pelagic food webs. Both saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source indicators corroborate a predominant contribution of crude oil to the sinking hydrocarbons. Cosedimentation with diatoms accumulated contaminants that were dispersed in the water column and transported them downward, where they were concentrated into the upper centimeters of the seafloor, potentially leading to sustained impact on benthic ecosystems.

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“…particulate OC sinking in the deep sea (Berrojalbiz et al, 2009;Bouloubassi et al, 2006;Castro-Jiménez et al, 2012;Dachs et al, 1996Dachs et al, , 1997.…”

Section: Drivers Of Hydrocarbons' Distribution In Deep-sea Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, sources and transport pathways of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in deep-sea sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Surface sediments collected from deep basins (1018-4087 m depth) of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Ionian Sea, southern Aegean Sea and northwestern Levantine Sea) were analyzed for aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as tracers of natural and anthropogenic inputs. Concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes and the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) of aliphatic hydrocarbons varied significantly, ranging from 1.34 to 49.2 µg g −1 , 145 to 4810 ng g −1 and 0.73 to 36.7 µg g −1 , respectively, while concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranged between 11.6 and 223 ng g −1 . Molecular profiles of determined hydrocarbons reflect a mixed contribution from both natural and anthropogenic sources in deep-sea sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, i.e., terrestrial plant waxes, degraded petroleum products, unburned fossil fuels and combustion of grass, wood and coal. Hydrocarbon mixtures display significant variability amongst sub-regions, reflecting differences in the relative importance of inputs from various sources and phase associations/transport pathways of individual hydrocarbons that impact on their overall distribution and fate. Hydrocarbon concentrations correlated significantly with the organic carbon content of sediments, indicating that the latter exerts an important control on their transport and ultimate accumulation in deep basins. Additionally, water masses' circulation characteristics also seem to influence the regional features and distribution patterns of hydrocarbons. Our findings highlight the role of deep basins/canyons as repositories of both natural and anthropogenic chemical species.

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Vertical fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds in the western Alboran Sea (southwestern Mediterranean)

Cited by 107 publications

References 33 publications

Downward fluxes of elemental carbon, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settling particles from the deep Ionian Sea (NESTOR site), Eastern Mediterranean

Downward fluxes of elemental carbon, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settling particles from the deep Ionian Sea (NESTOR site), Eastern Mediterranean

Sustained deposition of contaminants from the Deepwater Horizon spill

Occurrence, sources and transport pathways of natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in deep-sea sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

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