Vertical ground reaction force in stationary running in water and on land: A study with a wide range of cadences

Fontana, Heiliane de Brito; Ruschel, Caroline; Dell’Antonio, Elisa; Haupenthal, Alessandro; Pereira, Gustavo Soares; Roesler, Hélio

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2018.03.003

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Two of the parameters entered in the models can be strategically manipulated by the professional prescribing the water exercise: the immersion ratio and movement velocity. The relationship between water depth and GRF has already been investigated in the literature in a variety of exercises [14,16,21,22,42]. Our results corroborate with the literature [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…While the effects of velocity [11] and water depth [11,13] have been previously explored, our knowledge of the effect of individual anthropometric characteristics is limited. [13,16]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the increase in the number of investigations of aquatic biomechanics [16–22] and the specialized instrumentation now used for underwater measurements [23], a gap still exists between the knowledge available from the literature and current practice when choosing exercise parameters during water rehabilitation. In order to i) allow a better understanding of the relationship between ground reaction forces while walking in water and the related modifying factors, and ii) provide a potentially useful tool to control these forces in clinical practice, we aimed to develop and validate statistical regression models for the prediction of GRFs while walking in water in a healthy population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of ground reaction forces while walking in water

Haupenthal

Fontana

Haupenthal³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Despite being a key concept in rehabilitation, controlling weight-bearing load while walking, following lower limb injury is very hard to achieve. Walking in water provides an opportunity to prescribe load for people who have pain, weakness or weight bearing restrictions related to stages of healing. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate and validate regression models for predicting ground reaction forces while walking in water. One hundred and thirty seven individuals (24±5 years, 1.71±0.08 m and 68.7±12.5 kg) were randomly assigned to a regression group (n = 113) and a validation group (n = 24). Trials were performed at a randomly assigned water depth (0.75 to 1.35 m), and at a self-selected speed. Independent variables were: immersion ratio, velocity, body mass, and waist, thigh and leg circumferences. Stepwise regression was used for the prediction of ground reaction forces and validation included agreement and consistency statistical analyses. Data from a force plate were compared with predicted data from the created model in the validation group. Body mass, immersion ratio, and velocity independently predicted 95% of the vertical and resultant ground reaction force variability, while, together, velocity and thigh circumference explained 81% of antero-posterior ground reaction force variability. When tested against the data measured in validation samples, the models output resulted in statistically similar values, intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.90 and standard errors of measurement, 11.8 to 42.3 N. The models introduced in this study showed good predictive performance in our evaluation procedures and may be considered valid in the prediction of vertical, antero-posterior and resultant ground reaction forces while walking in water. All predictive variables can be easily determined in clinical practice. Future studies should focus on the validation of these models in specific populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…While the effects of velocity [11] and water depth [11,13] have been previously explored, our knowledge of the effect of individual anthropometric characteristics is limited. [13,16]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of ground reaction forces while walking in water

Haupenthal

Fontana

Haupenthal³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Moreover, studies regarding acute cardiorespiratory responses during water aerobics in postmenopausal and older women are scarce (Alberton, Olkoski, Becker, Pinto, & Kruel, 2007;Bartolomeu et al, 2017;Nikolai, Novotny, Bohnen, Schleis, & Daileck, 2009). On the other hand, evidences regarding Fz (Alberton et al, 2013a;Alberton et al, 2015;de Brito Fontana et al, 2012;de Brito Fontana et al, 2018;Fontana et al, 2015) and oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) (Alberton et al, 2011;Alberton et al, 2013b;Alberton et al, 2014a;Antunes et al, 2015;Barbosa, Garrido, & Bragada, 2007;Pinto et al, 2011;Raffaelli, Lanza, Zanolla, & Zamparo, 2010) responses during water-based exercises widely employed in water aerobics programmes have been reported especially in young participants. In addition, there are few studies investigating both Fz and VO 2 values in different water-based exercises (Alberton et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, water resistance is multidirectional, promoting an overload against exercises performed in all directions (Torres‐Ronda & del Alcázar, 2014). Due to these characteristics, water aerobics is considered as a low impact modality for individuals who need to practice exercises with low osteoarticular loads (Alberton et al, 2013a; Alberton et al, 2015; Alberton et al, 2017; de Brito Fontana et al, 2012; de Brito Fontana et al, 2018; Fontana, Ruschel, Haupenthal, Hubert, & Roesler, 2015), in association to a high cardiorespiratory demand (Alberton et al, 2013b; Alberton et al, 2014a; Kruel et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐based exercises in postmenopausal women: Vertical ground reaction force and oxygen uptake responses

Alberton

Zaffari

Pinto

et al. 2020

European Journal of Sport Science

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The purpose of the present study was to analyse vertical ground reaction force (Fz) and oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) responses in six different water-based exercises performed at different cadences by postmenopausal women. Twelve postmenopausal women (57.3 ± 2.6 years, 158.1 ± 6.9 cm, 69.1 ± 10.9 kg) voluntarily took part in the study. Participants completed six sessions corresponding to maximal tests for each water-based exercise. Then, two sessions were performed for the experimental protocols, which comprised the performance of three exercises at three cadences (80, 100 and 120 b min −1 ), with Fz and VO 2 measurements. Peak (Fz peak ) and impulse of Fz were determined. In addition, VO 2 percentages relative to maximal VO 2 (VO 2max ) values obtained in each maximal test were expressed as %VO 2max . Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (α = 0.05). As results, significant differences were found in Fz peak and impulse between the water-based exercises, with similar VO 2 and %VO 2max values between them for each cadence. In addition, with the increasing cadence, Fz peak (0.20-0.80 BW), VO 2 (5.3-9.4 ml kg −1 min −1 ) and %VO 2max (32.1-57.6%) values increased, while impulse (0.20-0.07 N.s/BW) values were reduced. Therefore, for a same physiological intensity, postmenopausal women experience different Fz loads during different water-based exercises.

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