Vertical heat and salt fluxes due to resolved and parameterized meso-scale Eddies

Storch, Jin‐Song von; Haak, Helmuth; Hertwig, Eileen; Fast, Irina

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.10.001

Cited by 35 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The STORMTIDE simulation (Müller et al, ) is performed with the tripolar version of the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model (Jungclaus et al, ; Marsland et al, ), developed within the framework of the German consortium project STORM (Storch et al, ; von Storch et al, ). The horizontal resolution is 0.1°, with a grid spacing of about 10 km near the equator and about 5 km or smaller south of 60°.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Flux Observations in an Internal Tide Beam in the Eastern North Atlantic

et al. 2019

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Low‐mode internal waves propagate over large distances and provide energy for turbulent mixing when they break far from their generation sites. A realistic representation of the oceanic energy cycle in ocean and climate models requires a consistent implementation of their generation, propagation, and dissipation. Here we combine the long‐term mean energy flux from satellite altimetry with results from a 1/10° global ocean general circulation model that resolves the low modes of internal waves and in situ observations of stratification and horizontal currents to study energy flux and dissipation along a 1000 km internal tide beam in the eastern North Atlantic. Internal wave fluxes were estimated from twelve 36‐ to 48‐hr stations in along‐ and across‐beam direction to resolve both the inertial period and tidal cycle. The observed internal tide energy fluxes range from 5.9 kW m−1 near the generation sites to 0.5 kW m−1 at distant stations. Estimates of energy dissipation come from both finestructure and upper ocean microstructure profiles and range, vertically integrated, from 0.5 to 3.3 mW m−2 along the beam. Overall, the in situ observations confirm the internal tide pattern derived from satellite altimetry, but the in situ energy fluxes are more variable and decrease less monotonically along the beam. Internal tides in the model propagate over shorter distances compared to results from altimetry and in situ measurements, but more spatial details close the main generation sites are resolved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Flux Observations in an Internal Tide Beam in the Eastern North Atlantic

et al. 2019

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“…; von Storch et al. ). Furthermore, the magnitude of the spatial inverse cascade (that is, kinetic energy flux from small to large scale) increases as resolution increases (Kjellsson and Zanna, ), influencing jet dynamics in the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio and Antarctic circumpolar regions.…”

Section: Diversity Of Ocean Ensembles and Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 98%

Uncertainty and scale interactions in ocean ensembles: From seasonal forecasts to multidecadal climate predictions

Zanna

Brankart

Huber

et al. 2018

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The ocean plays an important role in the climate system on time-scales of weeks to centuries. Despite improvements in ocean models, dynamical processes involving multiscale interactions remain poorly represented, leading to errors in forecasts. We present recent advances in understanding, quantifying, and representing physical and numerical sources of uncertainty in novel regional and global ocean ensembles at different horizontal resolutions. At coarse resolution, uncertainty in 21st century projections of the upper overturning cell in the Atlantic is mostly a result of buoyancy fluxes, while the uncertainty in projections of the bottom cell is driven equally by both wind and buoyancy flux uncertainty. In addition, freshwater and heat fluxes are the largest contributors to Atlantic Ocean heat content regional projections and their uncertainties, mostly as a result of uncertain ocean circulation projections. At both coarse and eddy-permitting resolutions, unresolved stochastic temperature and salinity fluctuations can lead to significant changes in large-scale density across the Gulf Stream front, therefore leading to major changes in large-scale transport. These perturbations can have an impact on the ensemble spread on monthly time-scales and subsequently interact nonlinearly with the dynamics of the flow, generating chaotic variability on multiannual time-scales. In the Gulf Stream region, the ratio of chaotic variability to atmospheric-forced variability in meridional heat transport is larger than 50% on time-scales shorter than 2 years, while between 40 and 48 • S the ratio exceeds 50% on on time-scales up to 28 years. Based on these simulations, we show that air-sea interaction and ocean subgrid eddies remain an important source of error for simulating and predicting ocean circulation, sea level, and heat uptake on a range of spatial and temporal scales. We discuss how further refinement of these ensembles can help us assess the relative importance of oceanic versus atmospheric uncertainty in weather and climate.

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“…Thus, users of the model must find ways to deal with drifts (Hasselmann et al, 1993) and other effects of the ocean being out of equilibrium. The ER and XR model configurations have among other things been applied to the study of the ocean heat uptake (Rimac et al, 2015;von Storch et al, 2016), Lorentz energy cycle (von Storch et al, 2012) and internal tides (Li et al, 2015(Li et al, , 2017 and to investigate the influence of resolution on biases in precipitation (Siongco et al, 2014(Siongco et al, , 2017 and sea surface temperature (SST) biases (Milinski et al, 2016) in the tropical Atlantic.…”

Section: Cmip6 Participation Planned Yes Yes Yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the MPI‐M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO₂

Mauritsen

Bader

Becker

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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819

468

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A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and improving the physical processes representation, as well as improving the computational performance, versatility, and overall user friendliness. In addition to new radiation and aerosol parameterizations of the atmosphere, several relatively large, but partly compensating, coding errors in the model's cloud, convection, and turbulence parameterizations were corrected. The representation of land processes was refined by introducing a multilayer soil hydrology scheme, extending the land biogeochemistry to include the nitrogen cycle, replacing the soil and litter decomposition model and improving the representation of wildfires. The ocean biogeochemistry now represents cyanobacteria prognostically in order to capture the response of nitrogen fixation to changing climate conditions and further includes improved detritus settling and numerous other refinements. As something new, in addition to limiting drift and minimizing certain biases, the instrumental record warming was explicitly taken into account during the tuning process. To this end, a very high climate sensitivity of around 7 K caused by low‐level clouds in the tropics as found in an intermediate model version was addressed, as it was not deemed possible to match observed warming otherwise. As a result, the model has a climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 over preindustrial conditions of 2.77 K, maintaining the previously identified highly nonlinear global mean response to increasing CO2 forcing, which nonetheless can be represented by a simple two‐layer model.

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Vertical heat and salt fluxes due to resolved and parameterized meso-scale Eddies

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Energy Flux Observations in an Internal Tide Beam in the Eastern North Atlantic

Energy Flux Observations in an Internal Tide Beam in the Eastern North Atlantic

Uncertainty and scale interactions in ocean ensembles: From seasonal forecasts to multidecadal climate predictions

Developments in the MPI‐M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO₂

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Vertical heat and salt fluxes due to resolved and parameterized meso-scale Eddies

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Energy Flux Observations in an Internal Tide Beam in the Eastern North Atlantic

Energy Flux Observations in an Internal Tide Beam in the Eastern North Atlantic

Uncertainty and scale interactions in ocean ensembles: From seasonal forecasts to multidecadal climate predictions

Developments in the MPI‐M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Developments in the MPI‐M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO₂