Vertical migration of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum under different concentrations of nutrients and humic substances in culture

Phytoplankton functional groups in a high spatial heterogeneity subtropical reservoir in China

“…The species of group Lo were dinoflagellates, usually observed in summer epilimnia in mesotrophic lakes and which tolerate stratified nutrients without prolonged or deep mixing . Dinoflagellates are capable of using their weak swimming abilities to perform diel vertical migration through the thermocline to when phosphate had been depleted in the epilimnion (Salonen and Rosenberg, 2000;Doblin et al, 2006) and P. niei, one of the dinoflagellates, grows well under a broad range of TP concentrations (Xu et al, 2010; Shen et al, 2011). In the present study, group Lo was correlated to TP as shown in the results, which is consistent with the results of a previous analysis (Shen et al, 2011) that demonstrated that phosphorus was the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth.…”

Diel vertical migration of Peridiniopsis niei, Liu et al., a new species of dinoflagellates in an eutrophic bay of Three-Gorge Reservoir, China

“…As an important functional component of the phytoplankton community, most of the dinoflagellates are capable of using their weak swimming abilities to perform diel vertical migration (DVM), which is a widespread phenomenon in both marine and freshwater habitats, and it has been the focus of most migration studies (Salonen and Rosenberg 2000;Beckmann and Hense 2004;Townsend et al 2005;Doblin et al 2006;Yamamoto and Nakahara 2006). In general, DVM behavior is known to facilitate the cells acquiring both high light and high nutrient levels, by maintaining near surface distributions by day and near pycnocline and nutricline depths by night (Ralston et al 2007;Ross and Sharples 2008).…”

“…In general, DVM behavior is known to facilitate the cells acquiring both high light and high nutrient levels, by maintaining near surface distributions by day and near pycnocline and nutricline depths by night (Ralston et al 2007;Ross and Sharples 2008). Advantages of DVM behavior can be used to explain the dominance of dinoflagellates in marine and freshwater ecosystem (Salonen and Rosenberg 2000;Clegg et al 2004;Townsend et al 2005;Doblin et al 2006). Most of dinoflagellates with high light and high nutrient affinities frequently become the principal contributor to harmful algal blooms and red tides (Erga et al 2003;Bearon et al 2006).…”

“…In general, variations in DVM behavior of dinoflagellates have been attributed to a large number of driving factors such as light (Kessler et al 1992;Clegg et al 2003b), temperature stratification (Clegg et al 2003a), chemical gradients (Lee et al 1999;Clegg et al 2004;Doblin et al 2006) and salinity (Erga et al 2003;Clegg et al 2007). The relative importance and interplay of the various factors that can potentially affect DVM behavior of dinoflagellates show much variation, because aquatic ecosystems, such as ocean, estuaries, bays, lake and reservoirs are very diverse.…”

“…Behavioral response of dinoflagellates to temperature gradient has been demonstrated for many phytoplankton flagellates both in situ and/or in experimental columns (Clegg et al 2003a(Clegg et al , 2007. The occurrence of dinoflagellates during temperature stratification is considered to be a result of their ability to conduct DVM down below the thermocline to satisfy their nutrient demand, but some studies (e g., Doblin et al 2006) also found that cells of flagellates in nutrient-replete columns showed no vertical migration, but they were more dispersed in the upper layer during the dark compared to the light period. However, the knowledge about these aspects remains unknown in most of freshwaters in subtropical and tropical regions, especially from China.…”