Vessel Type, Closure, and Explant Orientation Influence in Vitro Performance of Five Woody Species

Abstract

<jats:p>Effects of three variables (vessel type, closure, and explant orientation) on microcutting quality were investigated using five woody species [low shadblow, <jats:italic>Amefanchier spicata</jats:italic> (Lam.) C. Koch (Syn. <jats:italic>A. humilus</jats:italic> Wieg.); red maple, <jats:italic>Acer rubrun</jats:italic> L. `Red Sunset'; border forsythia, <jats:italic>Forsythia ×intermedia</jats:italic> Zab. `Sunrise'; apple, <jats:italic>Malus ×domestica</jats:italic> Borkh. `McIntosh'; river birch, <jats:italic>Betula nigra</jats:italic> L.]. Uniform shoot explants were oriented vertically or horizontally in three vessel types (60-ml glass culture tubes, 200-ml glass baby food jars, and 350-ml polypropylene GA7 vessels) with and without a Parafilm seal. Visual density per explant obtained by image analysis was increased in larger vessel types, and significantly more shoots were produced from horizontally placed explants. Closure treatments influenced microshoot quality, but trends were species specific. Overall, horizontal explant orientation in larger vessels wthout parafilm maximized shoot response for most of the species studied. In vitro rooting of microcuttings was significantly enhanced in larger vessels.</jats:p>

Influence of explants, genotypes and culture vessels on sprouting and proliferation of pre-existing meristems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium arboreum L.)

“…The differences in these two vessels were in the shape, volume and quantity of medium. This observation of the positive influence of larger culture vessel on shoot growth is consistent with earlier findings noted for five woody species (McClelland and Smith, 1990) and cotton (Agrawal et al, 1997). The calculated F value confirms the differences in shoot proliferation response irrespective of genotype and explant.…”

The influence of ethylene on proliferation and growth of rose shoot cultures

“…The present results confirm that significant concentrations of ethylene often accumulate in the gas phase within vessels used for in vitro cultures and that the actual amount will vary according to the volume of the culture vessel and the manner in which it was sealed (Huxter et al 1981; Gavinlertvatana et al 1982;De Proft et al 1985;Kevers & Gaspar 1985;McClelland & Smith 1990). The present results in total also confirm George & Sherrington's (1984) review and conclusion that the concentrations of ethylene that develop in culture flasks (particularly those that are tightly closed) can be sufficient to modify organogenesis and morphogenesis and plantlet development.…”

In vitro regeneration of Semecarpus anacardium L. from axenic seedling-derived nodal explants

“…A similar observation was noted in cultures of Pongamia pinnata(Sujatha and Hazra 2006). Influence of culture vessel on cultures of woody species has been studied extensively(McClelland and Smith 1990;Joshi et al 2009). Results of in vitro growth and morphogenesis of Dianthus caryophyllus L., evs.…”