Veterinary Epidemiology

Thrusfield, Michael; Christley, Robert M.; Brown, Helen; Diggle, Peter J.; French, Nigel P.; Howe, K. S.; Kelly, L.; O’Connor, Annette M.; Sargeant, J B; Wood, Hannah

doi:10.1002/9781118280249

Cited by 431 publications

(321 citation statements)

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“…All animals fulfilling the inclusion criteria (apparently health animals) were considered. The minimum sample size was calculated by using the formula given by Thrusfield (2007): n = Z 2 p (1-p)/ d2 where n = sample size, p (expected prevalence) = 28.6% (Zelalem Addis et al, 2011), d (absolute precision) = 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Accordingly, the sample size was calculated to be 314.…”

Section: Sampling and Sample Size Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from dairy farms in and around Modjo town, Ethiopia

Abunna¹,

Ashenafi²,

Beyene³

et al. 2017

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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Foodborne bacterial diseases are a serious challenge to human and animal health. Salmonella is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen and the etiologic agent of salmonellosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2016 to April 2016 on small scale and large scale dairy farms in and around Modjo town, Ethiopia. The main objectives of the study were to isolate and identify Salmonella from lactating cows, personnel's' and equipment at farms and to determine the in vitro antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates. A total of 266 samples consisting of fresh cow milk, fecal sample, pooled milkers' hand swab, pooled bucket swab, tank swab, and tank milk were collected from 21 dairy farms (n=20 smallholders, n=1 large scale farm). The samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella following standard techniques and procedures outlined by the International Organization for Standardization. Kibry-Bauer disk diffusion test was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Salmonella was isolated from 28/266 (10.5%) of the total samples. Out of the 28 Salmonella isolates, 18 (64.3%), 3 (10.7%) and 7(25%) were from lactating cows, personnel's', and equipment, respectively. Out of the 28 isolates subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, all isolates were resistant to at least one or more antimicrobials tested. Accordingly, 96.4% (27/28), 82.1% (23/28) and 75.0% (21/28) isolates were resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin and nalidixic acid, respectively. Multiple drug resistance (resistance to two or more antimicrobials) was detected in 27(96.4%) of the isolates. Multiple antimicrobial resistance was observed in 100% (18/18), 7.4% (2/23) and 100% (7/7) of isolates obtained from lactating cows, personnels', and equipment, respectively. High proportion of multiple antimicrobial resistant isolates (96.4%) in 93Fufa Abunna et al., Ethiop. Vet. J., 2017, 21 (2), 92-108 the dairy farms alerts concern for animal and public health as these drugs is used widely for treatment and prophylaxis in animals and humans.

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Section: Sampling and Sample Size Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from dairy farms in and around Modjo town, Ethiopia

Abunna¹,

Ashenafi²,

Beyene³

et al. 2017

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…During sampling the age, sex, breed, coat color and clinical signs were recorded. The required sample size was determined using the procedure described by Thrusfield [14] using 50% expected prevalence of bovine Trypanosomas in the area and 5% desired absolute precision and at 95% confident level. Accordingly, the total sample was determined to be 384.…”

Section: Study Design Study Population and Sample Size Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Dembecha Woreda Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Mekonnen¹,

Eshetu²,

Zeryehun³

2017

J Vet Sci Technol

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This study was conducted in Dembecha Woreda of Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia. The study was carried out on 384 indigenous cattle kept in mixed crop-livestock production system to estimate the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and associated risk factors. The study employed parasitological survey (buffy coat examination) and hematological study (packed cell volume [PCV] and thin blood smear). In the present study, the overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 8.6% (33/384). Trypanosoma congolense (54.54%) and Trypanosome vivax (45.45%) were the only two species of Trypanosomas encountered in the study area. Among the risk factors, sex and age were found to have no significant association with the prevalence of trypanosomosis (p>0.05), but body condition and coat color of animals were found to have a significant association (p<0.05) with prevalence of trypanosomosis in the studied animals. In this study infected animals were with mean PCV value of 22.94 ± 2.70% which is significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the non-infected animals (27.24 ± 5.02%). The study concluded that Trypanosomosis being an economically important disease in cattle the 8.6% prevalence entail that more attention should be given to be adapting on integrated disease control strategy including the vector as well as the parasites.

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“…The study was conducted with the approval and permission of the College of the Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University following the ethical standards set by the university. The sample size was determined according to the formula of Thrusfield (2005); using 95% confidence interval, 5% desired absolute precision and with the assumption of 30.4% expected prevalence. Accordingly, 398 bulls were included in this study.…”

Section: Study Area and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross testicular abnormalities in indigenous breeds of bulls in Eastern Ethiopia

Gemeda

2017

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of different types of gross testicular disorders in bulls, and to evaluate the associations with sampling year, age, and body condition. Materials and methods:In this study, a total of 398 apparently healthy bulls were randomly selected that were brought from different parts of eastern Ethiopia to the Haramaya University abattoir for slaughtering during the period from June 2014 to September 2016. Ante-and post-mortem examinations of the bulls were employed. Visual inspection, palpation, serial and systematic dissections into the parenchyma of the testes and scrotum were performed to determine the presence and the extent of gross pathological changes. Results: Out of 398 bulls, 209(52.5%) were affected by one or more gross testicular abnormalities of unidentified causes. Bilateral testicular hypoplasia was the most prevalent (9.8%; n=39/398) testicular abnormality, followed by unilateral testicular hypoplasia (9%; n=36/398), testicular hematoma (9%; n=36/398), orchitis (8.3%; n=33/398), testicular degeneration (6.5%; n=26/398), scrotal wound (6.3%; n=25/398) and epididymitis (2.5%; n=10/398). Unilateral cryptorchidism was the least prevalent (1%; n=4/398). Age and body condition did not affect the prevalence of any abnormality (P>0.05) except in scrotal wound which was significantly varied among body condition categories (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study reveals that the incidence of gross testicular abnormalities was 52.5% in bulls. Thus, attention should be given to reproductive management of bulls in Ethiopia.

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Veterinary Epidemiology

Cited by 431 publications

References 0 publications

Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from dairy farms in and around Modjo town, Ethiopia

Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from dairy farms in and around Modjo town, Ethiopia

Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Dembecha Woreda Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Gross testicular abnormalities in indigenous breeds of bulls in Eastern Ethiopia

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