Viable Populations, Reserve Size, and Federal Lands Management: A Critique

Grumbine, R. Edward

doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00101.x

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately, for most of these and other pertinent questions there are no detailed guidelines. Even when there is some guidance (e.g., biogeography theory, population viability analysis, or metapopulation theory) the data needed for these more detailed evaluations are usually lacking (Grumbine 1990, Margules and Pressey 2000, Groves 2003. Expert opinion will therefore often play a major role in developing the conservation plan.…”

Section: An Overview Of Biodiversity Conservation Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gap Analysis and Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for Riverine Ecosystems of Missouri

Sowa

Annis

Morey

et al. 2007

Ecological Monographs

139

128

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Abstract. North America harbors an astounding proportion of the world's freshwater species, but it is facing a freshwater biodiversity crisis. A first step to slowing the loss of biodiversity involves identifying gaps in existing efforts to conserve biodiversity and prioritizing opportunities to fill these gaps. In this monograph we detail two separate, but complementary, conservation planning efforts-a Gap Analysis (GAP) and a State Wildlife Action Plan (WAP)-for Missouri that address this first step. The goal of the Missouri Aquatic GAP Project was to identify riverine ecosystems, habitats, and species not adequately represented (i.e., gaps) within existing conservation lands. The goal of the freshwater component of the Missouri Wildlife Action Plan was to identify and map a set of conservation-opportunity areas (COAs) that holistically represent all riverine ecosystems, habitats, and species in Missouri. Since conservation planning is a geographical exercise, both efforts utilized geographic information systems (GIS). Four principal GIS data sets were used in each planning effort: (1) a hierarchical riverine ecosystem classification, (2) predicted species distributions, (3) public ownership/stewardship, and (4) a human-threat index. Results of the gap analyses are not encouraging. Forty five, mostly rare, threatened, or endangered, species are not represented in lands set aside for conserving biodiversity. Results also illustrate the fragmented nature of conservation lands, which are mainly situated in the uplands and fail to provide connectivity among riverine habitats. Furthermore, many conservation lands are severely threatened by an array of human disturbances. In contrast, results of the WAP provide hope that relatively intact riverine ecosystems still exist. A total of 158 COAs, representing ;6% of the total kilometers of stream in Missouri, were selected for the WAP. This illustrates that a wide spectrum of biodiversity can be represented within a small portion of the total resource base, but the area of conservation concern is often much larger. Identifying priority riverscapes for conservation is an important first step toward effective biodiversity conservation. Yet, achieving the ultimate goal of conserving biodiversity will require vigilance on the part of all responsible parties, with particular attention to addressing and coordinating the many remaining logistical tasks.

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Section: An Overview Of Biodiversity Conservation Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gap Analysis and Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for Riverine Ecosystems of Missouri

Sowa

Annis

Morey

et al. 2007

Ecological Monographs

139

128

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show abstract

“…Through the development of PVA techniques, it became apparent that the size of a viable population is not static (Usher 1987, Menges 1990) but will differ according to the particular species (Gilpin and Sould 1986) and the circumstances impinging on that organism at any given time (Fowler and MacMahan 1982) and place (Grumbine 1990). This is because vulnerability to extinction will be, in part, related to demographic attributes and other characteristics (Howe and others 1991) and some of these will vary with environmental parameters that vary over time and space.…”

Section: Population Viability Analysis: a Review Estimating Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The more data the better for PVAs. Often such data are unavailable or incomplete (Grumbine 1990), in particular those for rare and endangered organisms that may urgently require PVA. Estimation of the values for modeled parameters requires experience and must be based on a detailed knowledge of the biology of a species or attributes of related taxa (Simberloff 1988).…”

Section: Limitations Of Population Viability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the habitat requirements of most species are poorly understood (Simberloff 1986b), as are the area requirements for viable populations (Diamond 1978, Usher 1986), but PVA can aid in highlighting the need for such information. PVA may also be used in tandem with a range of other procedures to design and assess the adequacy of nature reserves (Wright and Hubbell 1983, Grumbine 1990, Ecologically Sustainable Development Working Group 1991 and to determine the impacts of various land uses on conservation values (Shaffer 1981, Reed and others 1988, Thomas 1990). …”

Section: Strengths Of Population Viability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population viability analysis as a tool in wildlife conservation policy: With reference to Australia

Lindenmayer¹,

Clark

Lacy

et al. 1993

Environmental Management

171

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/ Wildlife conservation policy for endangered species restoration follows a six-phase process. Population viability analysis (PVA) can play a major contributing role in four of these. PVA, as discussed here, is a technique where extinction vulnerabilities of small populations are estimated using computer simulation modeling. The benefits and limitations of using PVA in wildlife decision and policy processes are reviewed based on our direct experience. PVA permits decision makers to set time frames for management, estimate the required magnitude of restoration efforts, identify quantitative targets for species recovery, and select, implement, monitor, and evaluate management strategies. PVA is of greatest value for rare species policy and management. However, a limitation of PVA simulation models is that they are constrained by the amount of biological data available, and such data are difficult to obtain from small populations that are at immediate risk of extinction. These problems may be overcome with improved models and more data. Our experience shows benefits of PVA far outweigh its limitations, and applications of the approach are most useful when integrated with decision analysis and completed within an adaptive management philosophy. PVAs have been carried out for 14 Victorian species and less used elsewhere in Australia. Management and recovery plans are developed from these PVAs. We recommend that PVA be used to guide research programs, develop conservation strategies, and inform decision and policy making for both endangered and nonendangered species because it can significantly improve many aspects of natural resource policy and management.

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“…This so-called SLOSS controversy (Single Large Or Several Small), was an attempt to apply the theocy of island biogeography to resexve design (Noss 1989). Although this discussion centered largely on tests of the theory's predictions, it implied that biodiversity must not only be protected from habitat destruction but from all uses including hunting (Grumbine 1990 (1992) found that changes in species composition of passerine neotropical migrants were best explained by successional changes in the forest. pointed to intensive agriculture as the main factor in decline of the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) in the east.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and management of neotropical migratory birds

Finch¹,

Stangel²

1993

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This proceedings is the product of a National Training Workshop held at the Estes Park Center, Estes Park, Colorado, 21-25 September, 1992. Invited papers discuss all aspects of management, monitoring, and conservation of neotropical migratory birds on the breeding grounds. The proceedings is divided into seven sections that range from philosophical discussions to methods and solutions for managing migratory birds in concert with other wildlife.

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Viable Populations, Reserve Size, and Federal Lands Management: A Critique

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

A Gap Analysis and Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for Riverine Ecosystems of Missouri

A Gap Analysis and Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for Riverine Ecosystems of Missouri

Population viability analysis as a tool in wildlife conservation policy: With reference to Australia

Status and management of neotropical migratory birds

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