Vibration-based bridge scour detection: A review

Bao, Ting; Liu, Zhen

doi:10.1002/stc.1937

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Scour has also been indicated as the first responsible for bridge collapse in New Zealand . Similar results for the Italian road and railway systems are reported in Ballio et al Azhari and Loh and Bao and Liu show cases from other countries in the world, confirming that bed level variations and local scour around bridge foundations are predominant factors in bridge failures.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Actions monitoring as an alternative to structural rehabilitation: Case study of a river bridge

Ballio

Franzetti

Crotti

et al. 2018

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary A number of river bridges collapse worldwide every year during flood events, due to combination of actions including traffic loads, water and wind load, riverbed degradation, and accumulation of debris. Incidence of failure is higher for relatively old bridges that may have been designed without adequate consideration for some of such actions, in particular the scour potential at piers and abutments; in this case, consolidation of bridge foundations may be required. As an alternative to structural rehabilitation, we propose here real‐time management as a nonstructural risk‐mitigation measure: Data from a monitoring system aid the bridge managers to decide whether a bridge should be partially or totally closed to traffic in the case that forecasted environmental conditions indicate that the structure may exit its safe operational domain. A peculiar feature of the present proposal is that the monitoring system focuses on the evaluation of the environmental actions on the structure rather than on the health state of the structure itself: Such choice allows sufficient lead time for bridge closure. Bridge management may not prevent the damage of the structure but should avoid casualties. The methodology is presented with reference to the field case of a bridge over the river Po (Italy); its generalization to a larger variety of conditions is also discussed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Actions monitoring as an alternative to structural rehabilitation: Case study of a river bridge

Ballio

Franzetti

Crotti

et al. 2018

Struct Control Health Monit

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“…Lastly, accelerometers provide a response for the bridge structure to scour. This structural dynamic response is able to provide a global view of the scour, which is of interest for early warning systems but is sensitive to the shape of scour holes and soil type and thus needs a site-specific calibration before monitoring [77].…”

Section: Bed Level Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scour at Bridge Foundations in Supercritical Flows: An Analysis of Knowledge Gaps

Link

Mignot

Roux³

et al. 2019

Water

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The scour at bridge foundations caused by supercritical flows is reviewed and knowledge gaps are analyzed focusing on the flow and scour patterns, available measuring techniques for the laboratory and field, and physical and advanced numerical modeling techniques. Evidence suggests that the scour depth caused by supercritical flows is much smaller than expected, by an order of magnitude compared to that found in subcritical flows, although the reasons for this behavior remain still unclear. Important questions on the interaction of the horseshoe vortex with the detached hydraulic-jump and the wall-jet flow observed in supercritical flows arise, e.g., does the interaction between the flow structures enhance or debilitate the bed shear stresses caused by the horseshoe vortex? What is the effect of the Froude number of the incoming flow on the flow structures around the foundation and on the scour process? Recommendations are provided to develop and adapt research methods used in the subcritical flow regime for the study of more challenging supercritical flow cases.Large-scale supercritical free-surface flows can occur in different environments. Some examples can be found in cases of flooded urban streets, fish-ways, tsunami inland flows, coastal channels, and mountain rivers. This paper focuses on the flow and scouring patterns at bridge foundations in rivers with supercritical conditions. The occurrence of supercritical flows in rivers is defined by high longitudinal slopes (>1%) and/or rapid flood waves. Commonly, steep rivers present gravel beds or mixtures of fine and coarse sediments, containing all possible sizes, from clay and silt up to boulders tens of centimeters in size. In dentritic networks, streams with a low Strahler's order (i.e., <3) are steep and produce flash floods but normally possess a small cross-sectional width. Therefore, deck bridges without foundations in these riverbeds are usually selected. At piedmont, however, rivers widen and it is common to observe cross sections with widths over 50 m, where bridge foundations may have to be included. Salient examples of such configurations are often encountered in steep watersheds subjected to heavy rains, such as on the Panamericana Route along Perú and Chile, La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean) in Taiwan or Japan, and also in a few European Alpine piedmont rivers (Figure 1). The examples in Figure 1 clearly highlight that supercritical flows are associated with a significant amount of energy for scouring and dynamic loading of the superstructure. Wood debris can also enhance the risk of pier stability. Such flows thus produce among the worst hydraulic conditions for bridge design. A recent bridge collapse due to scour in a supercritical flow occurred at the Rivière Saint Etienne in the La Réunion island due to cyclone Gamède. This bridge, which connected a road with traffic of 65,000 vehicles per day, collapsed and modified the terrestrial transport route for a long time (Figure 1f,g), thereby producing large economic losses. This event motivated, i...

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“…More recently, scour detection based on the nonintrusive vibration monitoring on a bridge or a bridge element has been explored. However, several controversial and unsolved issues, including ground‐structure interaction, locations of sensor installation, and the influence of forms of scour holes, requires further studies . The float‐out device seems to be the only current practical method ideal for avoiding impacts from harsh flow conditions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several controversial and unsolved issues, including ground-structure interaction, locations of sensor installation, and the influence of forms of scour holes, requires further studies. 27 The float-out device seems to be the only current practical method ideal for avoiding impacts from harsh flow conditions. 4,28 Unfortunately, it simply reveals the maximal scour depth, and the sensor's reliability or power conditions cannot be checked once it is installed underground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bundled time domain reflectometry‐based sensing cable for monitoring of bridge scour

Wang

Lin

Chung

2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary Scour monitoring is crucial for providing early warning of bridge safety and extending the knowledge of scour process. Traditional methods that rely on underwater instruments encounter difficulties in installation and operation in harsh fluvial environment. Time domain reflectometry (TDR)‐based scour sensing wire was recently introduced as a promising technique to improve field deployment and durability. This study focused on further improving the concept of TDR sensing wire for better sensor package and performance. An innovative bundled bottom‐up sensing cable was proposed to improve sensor durability and avoid the adverse effect of sensor fouling. The sensor durability is enhanced by twisting two sets of steel strands (as two opposing electrodes for the waveguide) around a coaxial cable into a composite sensing cable. The inner coaxial cable is introduced and armored by the sensing steel strands to direct TDR pulse to the bottom end before connecting to the sensing waveguide formed by steel strands for bottom‐up sensing. Furthermore, taking advantage of a new data reduction method by using time‐lapse differential waveform, robustness of system calibration and scour estimation is further enhanced. Experimental results revealed the optimal design of bundled TDR sensing cable, effectiveness of the bottom‐up sensing approach, and better performance of the differential waveform method.

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Vibration-based bridge scour detection: A review

Cited by 51 publications

References 76 publications

Actions monitoring as an alternative to structural rehabilitation: Case study of a river bridge

Actions monitoring as an alternative to structural rehabilitation: Case study of a river bridge

Scour at Bridge Foundations in Supercritical Flows: An Analysis of Knowledge Gaps

A bundled time domain reflectometry‐based sensing cable for monitoring of bridge scour

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