Vibration Viscosity Sensor for Engine Oil Monitoring Using Metal Matrix Piezoelectric Composite

Yanaseko, Tetsuro; Sato, Hiroshi; Kuboki, Isao; Mossi, Karla; Asanuma, Hiroshi

doi:10.3390/ma12203415

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In recent years, the demand for online oil measurement and data management has been increasing [ 7 ]. The sensors are directly installed in the vehicle to constantly monitor the condition of oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Wolak

Zając

Słowik

2021

Sensors

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The aim of this paper is to compare the results of kinematic viscosity of lubricating oils measurements at 40 °C, obtained with three different rapid evaluation devices, and the standardized method using an Ubbelohde Capillary viscometer. The following instruments were selected to measure: a mid-FTIR spectrophotometer, a microchannel viscometer, and a Stabinger viscometer. The study material comprised 42 fresh engine oils, all of which are commercially available. The main data analysis tools used in the study were multiple regression, Mahala Nobis distance, post-hoc analysis, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with the Bonferroni correction. Consistent outcomes were obtained for the Stabinger viscometer only, whereas the microchannel viscometer and the mid-FTIR spectrophotometer were not as precise as the reference method. It was also found that the results obtained with the use of the mid-FTIR spectrophotometer were burdened with a very large measurement error. Therefore, a very careful approach is suggested when choosing these instruments. The study fills an important gap in empirical research in the context of the reliability of measurement results obtained using various research techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Wolak

Zając

Słowik

2021

Sensors

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“…This device uses a built-in surface acoustic wave sensor to measure the concentration of fuel vapours present in the atmosphere above the oil sample [22]. Different types of sensors are also designed to monitor viscosity [23,24]. A simple, inexpensive and reliable capacitive sensor as an indicator of the end of life of motor oils was proposed by Heredia-Cancino et al [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of FTIR-ATR Spectrometry in Conjunction with Multivariate Regression Methods for Viscosity Prediction of Worn-Out Motor Oils

et al. 2021

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Viscosity is considered to be a key factor in the quality of lubrication by oil and engine manufacturers and is therefore one of the most monitored parameters of lubricants. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectrometry in combination with Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) was therefore proposed and tested as an alternative to the standardized method for determining the kinematic viscosity at 100 °C with an Ubbelohde capillary viscometer (CSN EN ISO 3104) of worn-out motor oil grade SAE 15W-40. The FTIR-PLS model in the spectral region of 1750–650 cm−1 with modification of the spectra by the second derivative proved to be the most suitable. A significant dependence of R = 0.95 was achieved between the viscosity values of 190 samples of worn-out motor oils, which were determined by a standardized laboratory method, and the values predicted by the FTIR-PLS model. The Root Mean Square Error of Calibration (RMSEC) parameter reached 0.148 mm2s−1 and the Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) parameter reached 0.190 mm2s−1. The proposed method for determining the kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by the FTIR-PLS model is faster compared to the determination according to the CSN EN ISO 3104 standard, requires a smaller amount of oil sample for analysis and produces less waste chemicals.

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“…In addition, the thermal stress caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients between the piezoelectric ceramics and the metal is expected to improve the strength of the piezoelectric ceramics by acting as a prestress on the piezoelectric ceramics. These properties are utilized in applications such as impact detection [19] and viscosity sensor [20,21]. The robustness of PZT/Al composites is attributed to the presence of a metal matrix and the extremely high compressive stresses generated during the embedding process [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric polarization and crystal orientation of lead zirconate titanate under mechanical stress due to embedding in a metal matrix

et al. 2021

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The mechanical characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic fibers can be improved by embedding the fibers in a metal matrix. The compressive stress generated during the embedding process, however, limits the polarization of piezoelectric ceramic composites. To study and determine the relationship between the mechanical and piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramics, we analyzed the crystallographic orientation of piezoelectric ceramics embedded in an aluminum matrix via electron backscatter diffraction. The orientation of the crystals before and after the polarization of the piezoelectric fibers, in which residual stresses were generated during embedding, was evaluated. Furthermore, the residual stresses were reduced by heat treatment, and the resultant angle of orientation was evaluated before and after polarization. Results showed that, as the residual stresses were relieved, the orientation of the piezoelectric ceramic crystals changed to reveal increased polarization. Our analysis shows that the crystal orientation of piezoelectric ceramics is impacted by the residual compressive stress that arises from embedding the piezoelectric fiber in the aluminum matrix; it also illustrates the hindering effect of residual stress on the polarization of piezoelectric ceramics.

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Vibration Viscosity Sensor for Engine Oil Monitoring Using Metal Matrix Piezoelectric Composite

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices

Application of FTIR-ATR Spectrometry in Conjunction with Multivariate Regression Methods for Viscosity Prediction of Worn-Out Motor Oils

Electric polarization and crystal orientation of lead zirconate titanate under mechanical stress due to embedding in a metal matrix

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