Dipeptides, the prototype
peptides, exist in both linear (
l
-) and cyclo (
c
-) structures. Since the
first mass spectrometry experiments, it has been observed that some
l
-structures may turn into the cyclo ones, likely via a
temperature-induced process. In this work, combining several different
experimental techniques (mass spectrometry, infrared and Raman spectroscopy,
and thermogravimetric analysis) with tight-binding and ab initio simulations,
we provide evidence that, in the case of
l
-phenylalanyl-
l
-alanine, an irreversible cyclization mechanism, catalyzed
by water and driven by temperature, occurs in the condensed phase.
This process can be considered as a very efficient strategy to improve
dipeptide stability by turning the comparatively fragile linear structure
into the robust and more stable cyclic one. This mechanism may have
played a role in prebiotic chemistry and can be further exploited
in the preparation of nanomaterials and drugs.