“…12 However, recently surface phonons have been measured locally with atomic resolution by inelastic electron-tunneling spectroscopy ͑IETS͒. 13 In general, characteristic vibrational features on surfaces and in overlayers such as gap phonons on alkali and other metal surfaces, 4,8,11,12,[14][15][16][17][18][19] surface resonance vibrations, 2,20,21 step vibrational modes on vicinal surfaces, 6,7,22,23 overlayer phonon states, 3,9,24 adatomsubstrate stretch vibrations and the frustrated translation mode frequencies in submonolayer coverages 3,9,10,[25][26][27] are rather well understood. In these systems, vibrational modes are delocalized over an entire area ͑surface, lateral overlayer area, step-one dimensional area͒.…”