“…Here, we present a phylogeographical interpretation of L. longipalpis based on molecular phylogenetic analysis using mtDNA and available theories on the historical physical geography of Central and South America (Haffer, 1969;Howe, 1974;Keigwin, 1978;Haffer, 1981;Rod, 1981;Sykes et al, 1982;Stehli and Webb, 1985;Hoorn, 1994;Hoorn et al, 1995). Our interpretation of these data is based on historical vicariance biogeography and dispersal and refuge theories (Croizat, 1978;Rosen, 1976Rosen, , 1978Nelson, 1976;Berminghan et al, 1992;Higgs, 1994;Joseph et al, 1995;Lundberg et al, 1998). This analysis provides a coherent explanation of historical factors responsible for the genetic structure of extant populations.…”