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Gamella, Juan F.; Carrasco-Muñoz, Elisa Martín; Leger, Martine; Priellec, Joseph Le

doi:10.3917/tsig.030.0110

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This facilitated a rise in the number of consanguineous marriages (see Martín and Gamella 2005;Gamella and Martin 2008) and a generation of large viri-patrilocal groups, which have been crucial actors in the political organization and the internal conflicts of Gitano society (San Roman 1976Gay Blasco 1999).…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decline of infant and child mortality among Spanish Gitanos or Calé (1871−2005): A microdemographic study in Andalusia

Gamella¹,

Carrasco-Muñoz²

2017

DemRes

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Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decline of infant and child mortality among Spanish Gitanos or Calé (1871−2005): A microdemographic study in Andalusia

Gamella¹,

Carrasco-Muñoz²

2017

DemRes

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“…While they mostly speak the majorities’ languages and have adopted the religion and even a number of their neighbors’ mores, they also maintain a strong and vibrant sense of themselves as a separate people. Gitanos try to preserve a separate ethnic identity, often reinventing their processes of differentiation, which are mainly based on reproductive strategies where specific factors including marriage, gender and kin systems are crucial (Gay Blasco, 1999 ; Martín & Gamella, 2005 ; Gamella & Martín, 2007 ). As a consequence, for example, even though Gitanos and non- Gitanos have cohabited the study area for more than 15 generations, mixed marriages have been traditionally rare (less than 5% for over two centuries in the study area and approaching 10% only very recently; Gamella & Álvarez-Roldán, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There also exist fundamental differences in gender roles between Gitanos and non- Gitanos . In particular, although this is also changing in recent years, the most relevant difference for the focus of this paper is that Gitano norms prescribe women to assume a secondary role in the presence of males in public encounters (Gay Blasco, 1999 ; Gamella, 2000 ; Gamella & Martín, 2007 ; San Román, 2010 ), whereas normative principles of this type are not observed among non- Gitanos . See Text S1 for more ethnographic details.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and group-functional punishment behaviour

et al. 2022

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Humans often “altruistically” punish non-cooperators in one-shot interactions among genetically-unrelated individuals. This poses an evolutionary puzzle because altruistic punishment enforces cooperation norms that benefit the whole group but is costly for the punisher. One key explanation is that punishment follows a social-benefits logic: it is eminently normative and group-functional (drawing on cultural group selection theories). In contrast, mismatch-based deterrence theory argues that punishment serves the individual-level function of deterring mistreatment of oneself and one's allies, hinging upon the evolved human coalitional psychology. We conducted multilateral-cooperation experiments with a sample of Spanish Romani people (Gitanos or Calé) and the non-Gitano majority. The Gitanos represent a unique case study because they rely heavily on close kin-based networks and display a strong ethnic identity. We find that Gitano non-cooperators were not punished by co-ethnics in only-Gitano (ethnically) homogeneous groups but were harshly punished by other Gitanos and by non-Gitanos in ethnically mixed groups. Our findings suggest the existence of culture-specific motives for punishment: Gitanos, especially males, appear to use punishment to protect their ethnic identity, whereas non-Gitanos use punishment to protect a norm of universal cooperation. Only theories that consider normative, group-functional forces underlying punishment behaviour can explain our data.

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The appropriate response of Spanish Gitanos: short-run orientation beyond current socio-economic status

Martin

Brañas–Garza

Espín

et al. 2019

Evolution and Human Behavior

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Humans differ greatly in their tendency to discount future events, but the reasons underlying such inter-individual differences remain poorly understood. The evolutionary framework of Life History Theory predicts that the extent to which individuals discount the future should be influenced by socio-ecological factors such as mortality risk, environmental predictability and resource scarcity. However, little empirical work has been conducted to compare the discounting behavior of human groups facing different socio-ecological conditions. In a lab-in-the-field economic experiment, we compared the delay discounting of a sample of Romani people from Southern Spain (Gitanos) with that of their non-Romani neighbors (i.e., the majority Spanish population). The RomaniGitano population constitutes the main ethnic minority in all of Europe today and is characterized by lower socio-economic status (SES), lower life expectancy and poorer health than the majority, along with a historical experience of discrimination and persecution. According to Life History Theory, Gitanos will tend to adopt "faster" life history strategies (e.g., earlier marriage and reproduction) as an adaptation to such ecological conditions and, therefore, should discount the future more heavily than the majority. Our results support this prediction, even after controlling for the individuals' current SES (income and education). Moreover, group-level differences explain a large share of the individual-level differences. Our data suggest that human inter-group discrimination might shape group members' time preferences through its impact on the environmental harshness and unpredictability conditions they face.

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« Viens avec moi cousine »

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

The decline of infant and child mortality among Spanish Gitanos or Calé (1871−2005): A microdemographic study in Andalusia

The decline of infant and child mortality among Spanish Gitanos or Calé (1871−2005): A microdemographic study in Andalusia

Culture and group-functional punishment behaviour

The appropriate response of Spanish Gitanos: short-run orientation beyond current socio-economic status

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