Vigilância da leishmaniose cutânea em amostras clínicas: distribuição da Leishmania guyanensis no estado do Amapá, 2018*

Abstract

Objective: to investigate Leishmania species in a series of autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases in Amapá State, Brazilian Amazon. Methods: this was a descriptive ecological study carried out from January-October/2018 at a reference center for CL diagnosis in Amapá; individuals with CL receiving care from January-May/2018 were recruited; clinical data and skin biopsies were obtained; from extracted DNA (phenol-chloroform) we amplified the hsp70-234 gene region (PCR) for nucleotide sequencing (Applied Biosystems: ABI3500XL). Results: 38 individuals were interviewed, examined and diagnosed; men predominated (28/38; mean age=32.5±11.3); lesions (most ulcers: 37/38) measuring 0,4-10mm (34/38) and ≥11mm (4/38) were multiple in 20/38 individuals; diagnosis of L. braziliensis (1), L. naiffi (1), L. infantum (1), L. (Viannia) sp. (1), L. amazonensis (2) and L. guyanensis (32); individuals infected with L. guyanensis (32/38) lived in 9/10 municipalities represented in the sample, and 17/32 of these had multiple lesions. Conclusion: presence of Leishmania guyanensis predominated and was frequently associated with multiple lesions.

Occurrence of Leishmania infection in the immediate geographic region of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State, Brazil

“…This profile could be explained by the fact that people aged 30-50 years are the most economically active, and that rural residents generally live and work near forests or forest fragments, which greatly increases their exposure to sand fly bites. This pattern has been observed in Rondônia and other states in the Brazilian Amazon 9,10,11,12,13,14 .…”

“…We observed two cases of L. guyanensis in two municipalities; its prevalence in Rondônia is low relative to that in L. braziliensis 2,3 . Leishmania guyanensis is widely distributed in the Amazon Basin, and its distribution is certainly related to the presence and abundance of Nyssomyia umbratilis (Ward & Fraiha) populations 11,12,13 . In Amazonas, L. guyanensis is the primary agent of ACL, and N. umbratilis, its main vector, is present in high abundance 13 .…”

“…The highest proportion of infections occurred as single lesions, and the parts of the body most affected were the arms, legs, head, and feet, which corroborate the findings of other studies 12,13,14 . These parts of the body are the most affected because they remain exposed to vectors for many hours of the day when individuals work in forest environments (primarily in the occupations of logging and hunting) 7,11,12 .…”

Esquistossomose: Transmissão E Estratégias De Controle Em Áreas Endêmicas

“…Quando a cultura é adicionada ao meio ágar Sabouraud Dextrose (Figura 9-A) ou ágar infusão cérebro-coração (BHI) e atinge a temperatura de 37° C pode-se observar a forma leveduriforme do Sporothrix spp., inicialmente com a coloração brancaacinzentada e após alguns dias tornam-se marrons ou pretas. Na microscopia (Figura 9-B), as colônias são comumente observadas com hifas hialinas septadas, ramificadas e conidióforo, que produz conídios ovais e/ou arredondados, semelhante ao aspecto visto na citologia (MARIMON et al, 2007;ALMEIDA et al, 2018).…”

Ecological aspects and molecular detection of Leishmania DNA (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a rural settlement in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

“…Despite the diversity of sand flies in the Eastern Amazon and the large number of cases of ATL, the state of Amapá continues to be one of the Amazon regions with less surveys and sampling of sand fly fauna; there are few studies carried out to date to investigate sand fly fauna and to a lesser extent number for the detection of Leishmania sp. (Forattini, 1959;Brazil et al, 2000;Souza et al, 2001;Saraiva et al, 2011;Furtado et al, 2016;Souza et al, 2017;Almeida et al, 2020;Moreno et al, 2020), and mostly with sampling efforts of a few days and in border areas.…”