Vigilância Do Desenvolvimento Infantil: Análise Da Situação Brasileira

Abstract

Objective: To describe Brazil’s historical background with regard to child development surveillance and perform a systematic review of studies published on surveillance records of child development within Child Health Handbooks. Data sources: A literature review was conducted in April of 2016 in the following electronic databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline). The search did not have any language or publication period restrictions, and included the bibliographic references of the selected articles. The keywords “child development and child health records,” and “child development and child health handbook” were applied. Articles were included that were original and that evaluated the use of child development surveillance tools in Brazil. Publications that were not original were excluded. The articles were selected first based on their title, then their abstracts, and finally a thorough reading. Data synthesis: The recommendation to support child development surveillance has been occurring since 1984. In 1995, developmental milestones were included in the Child’s Health Handbook, and in 2004 they became normative acts for surveillance, which should be carried out using this booklet. In the systematic review, six articles were selected in which the prevalence of child development surveillance recording ranged from 4.6 to 30.4%. This variation was due to different criteria and sample sizes as well as different methodologies employed to analyze the adequacy of filling out the handbook. Conclusions: Despite the fact that the Brazilian Ministry of Health formalized child development surveillance 32 years ago, the act of recording the surveillance in the Child Health Handbook is still deficient and irregular.

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: a population-based study

“…(5, 6, 8) In non-population representative samples in Brazil, the prevalence of development delay was reported to range from 21.4% to 46.3%, using different appraisal tools and in different ages. (20, 21) To the best of our knowledge this is the first comprehensive population-based study of the risk of child development delay in Brazil. Brazil has a development monitoring program that is estimated to achieve only 4.6% detection rates of cases and referral in some states.…”

“…Brazil has a development monitoring program that is estimated to achieve only 4.6% detection rates of cases and referral in some states. (20) Thus, the relatively high population prevalence of any delay and risk of delay and the low reach of monitoring programs suggests the need for evaluating the implementation of current child development policies in Ceará.…”

Preenchimento da caderneta de saúde da criança na primeira infância

“…A avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil é um dos pilares da vigilância à saúde da criança visando à redução da mortalidade infantil em todo mundo (1,2) . Estratégia instituída na metade do século passado, tornou-se um eixo fundamental da atenção à saúde da criança, pois permite uma avaliação apropriada e oportuna para monitorar os indicadores associados às ações de prevenção da morbimortalidade nos primeiros anos de vida (3) .…”

“…A vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil é efetivada há 32 anos, porém há escassez de estudos e descaso generalizado dos registros na CSC, uma vez que o seu percentual de preenchimento não ultrapassa 30,4% (3) . As causas vão desde o preenchimento incorreto/incompleto até a ausência de avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e do crescimento (13,14) .…”

“…A fragilidade dos registros da CSC pode ter relação com a falta de capacitação dos profissionais (15) ou com o número insuficiente de equipes de saúde (16) . Além disso, o desconhecimento dos pais sobre a importância da CSC (17,18) reforça a pouca atenção ao preenchimento dela pela própria sociedade, que ainda não se interessa pelo assunto (3) .…”