Village‐scale (Phase III) evaluation of the efficacy and residual activity of SumiShield<sup>®</sup>50 WG (Clothianidin 50%, w/w) for indoor spraying for the control of pyrethroid‐resistant<i>Anopheles culicifacies</i>Giles in Karnataka state, India

Uragayala, Sreehari; Raghavendra, Kamaraju; Tiwari, Satyanarayan; Sreedharan, Subhashaan; Ghosh, Susanta Kumar; Valecha, Neena

doi:10.1111/tmi.13056

Cited by 40 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Using this definition Tenebenal™ can be reported as active in this study for at least 18 months on ceramic, wood and cement tile substrates at all but the lowest concentration tested (0.025%). For some active ingredients being developed for use as IRS against mosquitoes, most notably those which are pro-insecticides, it is proposed that mortality should be scored later, due to their novel mode of action being slower acting than the pyrethroids for which the WHO guidelines were developed [ 25 , 26 ]. When applied to mud surfaces, the speed of action seemed to decrease with time post-treatment, suggestive of a dose-dependent speed of action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenebenal: a meta-diamide with potential for use as a novel mode of action insecticide for public health

Lees

Ambrose

Williams

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background There is an urgent need for insecticides with novel modes of action against mosquito vectors. Broflanilide is a meta-diamide, discovered and named Tenebenal™ by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., which has been identified as a candidate insecticide for use in public health products. Methods To evaluate its potential for use in public health, Tenebenal™ was screened using an array of methodologies against Anopheles and Aedes strains. Initially it was assessed for intrinsic efficacy by topical application. Tarsal contact bioassays were then conducted to further investigate its efficacy, as well as its potency and speed of action. The potential of the compound for use in indoor residual spray (IRS) applications was investigated by testing the residual efficacy of a prototype IRS formulation on a range of typical house building substrates, and its potential for use in long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) was tested using dipped net samples. Finally, bioassays using well-characterized insecticide-resistant mosquito strains and an in silico screen for mutations in the insecticide’s target site were performed to assess the risk of cross-resistance to Tenebenal™. Results Tenebenal™ was effective as a tarsal contact insecticide against both Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, with no apparent cross-resistance caused by mechanisms that have evolved to insecticides currently used in vector control. Topical application showed potent intrinsic activity against a Kisumu reference strain and an insecticide-resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae. Applied to filter paper in a WHO tube bioassay, Tenebenal™ was effective in killing 100% of susceptible and resistant strains of An. gambiae and Aedes aegypti at a concentration of 0.01%. The discriminating concentration of 11.91 µg/bottle shows it to be very potent relative to chemistries previously identified as having potential for vector control. Mortality occurs within 24 h of exposure, 80% of this mortality occurring within the first 10 h, a speed of kill somewhat slower than seen with pyrethroids due to the mode of action. The potential of Tenebenal™ for development in LLIN and IRS products was demonstrated. At least 12 months residual efficacy of a prototype IRS formulation applied at concentrations up to 200 mg of AI/sq m was demonstrated on a range of representative wall substrates, and up to 18 months on more inert substrates. A dipped net with an application rate of around 2 g/sq m Tenebenal™ killed 100% of exposed mosquitoes within a 3-min exposure in a WHO cone test. Conclusions Tenebenal™ is a potent insecticide against adult Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, including strains resistant to classes of insecticide currently used in vector control. The compound has shown great potential in laboratory assessment and warrants further investigation into development for the control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenebenal: a meta-diamide with potential for use as a novel mode of action insecticide for public health

Lees

Ambrose

Williams

et al. 2020

Malar J

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“…The residual effects observed were driven by the insecticide used (bendiocarb residuality is expected to last between 3 and 5 months), and its interaction with treated substrates (in our case, painted walls, cloth, wood and plastic). Given the recent development of new residual insecticide formulations for malaria, which extend residual duration out to 6–8 months and are effective against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes [33, 34], there is potential for extending residual power of TIRS beyond the 4-month mark.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of novel indoor residual spraying methods targeting pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti within experimental houses

et al. 2019

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Challenges in maintaining high effectiveness of classic vector control in urban areas has renewed the interest in indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a promising approach for Aedes -borne disease prevention. While IRS has many benefits, application time and intrusive indoor applications make its scalability in urban areas difficult. Modifying IRS to account for Ae . aegypti resting behavior, named targeted IRS (TIRS, spraying walls below 1.5 m and under furniture) can reduce application time; however, an untested assumption is that modifications to IRS will not negatively impact entomological efficacy. We conducted a comparative experimental study evaluating the residual efficacy of classically-applied IRS (as developed for malaria control) compared to two TIRS application methods using a carbamate insecticide against a pyrethroid-resistant, field-derived Ae . aegypti strain. We performed our study within a novel experimental house setting (n = 9 houses) located in Merida (Mexico), with similar layouts and standardized contents. Classic IRS application (insecticide applied to full walls and under furniture) was compared to: a) TIRS: insecticide applied to walls below 1.5 m and under furniture, and b) Resting Site TIRS (RS-TIRS): insecticide applied only under furniture. Mosquito mortality was measured eight times post-application (out to six months post-application) by releasing 100 Ae . aegypti females /house and collecting live and dead individuals after 24 hrs exposure. Compared to Classic IRS, TIRS and RS-TIRS took less time to apply (31% and 82% reduction, respectively) and used less insecticide (38% and 85% reduction, respectively). Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae . aegypti did not significantly differ among the three IRS application methods up to two months post application, and did not significantly differ between Classic IRS and TIRS up to four months post application. These data illustrate that optimizing IRS to more efficiently target Ae . aegypti can both reduce application time and insecticide volume with no apparent reduction in entomological efficacy.

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“…To date, phase II trials of these respective interventions have reported promising results with multiple resistant vector species [8, 10, 14, 17, 22, 26, 27]. Furthermore, a recent phase III trial in India, demonstrated greater reductions in the density of indoor, pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles culicifacies with SumiShield ® 50WG, compared to Actellic ® 300CS (pirimiphos-methyl) [28]. Prospective community-level implementation of such interventions, as part of National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs), is first predicated on demonstrable efficacy against local vector populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of toxicity of clothianidin (neonicotinoid) and chlorfenapyr (pyrrole) insecticides and cross-resistance to other public health insecticides in Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia

Dagg

Irish

Wiegand

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background Insecticide-based interventions play an integral role in malaria vector control. However, the continued spread of insecticide resistance threatens to undermine progress made thus far and may ultimately lead to operational failure of current control measures. Clothianidin and chlorfenapyr both have unique modes of action and have expanded the number of insecticide classes available to vector control programmes. Prior to field use, it is imperative to establish their toxicity against local mosquito populations and evaluate potential cross-resistance with other chemicals used contemporarily or historically. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic doses of clothianidin and chlorfenapyr and their efficacies against Anopheles arabiensis , the predominant Ethiopian malaria vector species. Methods A range of doses of clothianidin and chlorfenapyr were tested, using modified WHO susceptibility tests and CDC bottle bioassays, respectively, against an Ethiopian susceptible laboratory strain and a wild population of An. arabiensis collected from Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Cross-resistance to other public health insecticides: carbamates (bendiocarb and propoxur), organophosphate (malathion) and pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin), was assessed in the same mosquito populations using CDC bottle bioassays. Results Complete mosquito mortality was observed with the laboratory strain using the recommended diagnostic doses for clothianidin (2%/filter paper) and chlorfenapyr (100 µg/bottle). The field population was resistant to malathion (83% mortality), capable of surviving 2×, 5× and 10× the diagnostic dose of both deltamethrin and permethrin, but susceptible to bendiocarb and propoxur. The field population of An. arabiensis was significantly more susceptible to clothianidin, reaching 100% mortality by day 2 compared to the laboratory strain (100% mortality by day 3). In contrast, the wild population was less susceptible to chlorfenapyr, with the highest mortality of 99% at 72 h using 200 µg/bottle compared to the laboratory colony, which reached complete mortality at 50 µg/bottle by 24 h. Conclusions The putative diagnostic doses of clothianidin and chlorfenapyr are appropriate for monitoring resistance in An. arabiensis from Ethiopia. The unique modes of action and an absence of cross-resistance render clothianidin and chlorfenapyr potential candidates for inclusion in the National Malaria Control Programme vector control efforts, particularly in areas with high pre-existing or emergent resistance to other insecticide classes.

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Village‐scale (Phase III) evaluation of the efficacy and residual activity of SumiShield^®50 WG (Clothianidin 50%, w/w) for indoor spraying for the control of pyrethroid‐resistantAnopheles culicifaciesGiles in Karnataka state, India

Abstract: Indoor residual spraying with SumiShield WG was found effective, operationally feasible and safe, and it is effective for up to 6 months.

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Tenebenal: a meta-diamide with potential for use as a novel mode of action insecticide for public health

Tenebenal: a meta-diamide with potential for use as a novel mode of action insecticide for public health

Efficacy of novel indoor residual spraying methods targeting pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti within experimental houses

Evaluation of toxicity of clothianidin (neonicotinoid) and chlorfenapyr (pyrrole) insecticides and cross-resistance to other public health insecticides in Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia

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Village‐scale (Phase III) evaluation of the efficacy and residual activity of SumiShield®50 WG (Clothianidin 50%, w/w) for indoor spraying for the control of pyrethroid‐resistantAnopheles culicifaciesGiles in Karnataka state, India

Abstract: Indoor residual spraying with SumiShield WG was found effective, operationally feasible and safe, and it is effective for up to 6 months.

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Tenebenal: a meta-diamide with potential for use as a novel mode of action insecticide for public health

Tenebenal: a meta-diamide with potential for use as a novel mode of action insecticide for public health

Efficacy of novel indoor residual spraying methods targeting pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti within experimental houses

Evaluation of toxicity of clothianidin (neonicotinoid) and chlorfenapyr (pyrrole) insecticides and cross-resistance to other public health insecticides in Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia

Contact Info

Product

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Village‐scale (Phase III) evaluation of the efficacy and residual activity of SumiShield^®50 WG (Clothianidin 50%, w/w) for indoor spraying for the control of pyrethroid‐resistantAnopheles culicifaciesGiles in Karnataka state, India