“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contain two or more aromatic fused rings and are potent carcinogens produced from incomplete combustion of carbon-based materials such as coal, petroleum, wood, and tobacco at temperatures ranging from 300 to 600 °C, with cytotoxic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, and teratogenic properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ve-ring PAH and is one of the most toxic PAHs. It is recognized as an indicator of the relative carcinogenic potency of complex PAHs by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other agencies.…”