Vinyl Chloride Exposure in a Controlled Industrial Environment

Mg, Ott; Langner, Ralph R.; Holder, Benjamin B.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1975.10666716

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the VCM exposure estimates for the occupational groups. These figures are not dissimilar to those reported by Ott et a1 (23). Because there was some movement between jobs, with a general tendency for workers to move from groups A and B to group D Gob movement among the craftsmen in group C was much more limited) and because this movement tended to be from areas of high exposure to areas of low exposure, mortality by occupational exposure was analyzed from the population categorized as ever group A, ever group B never group A, ever group C never group A or B, and always group D.…”

Section: Occupational Exposurecontrasting

confidence: 38%

A mortality study of vinyl chloride monomer workers employed in the United Kingdom in 1940-1974.

Jones¹,

Smith²,

Thomas³

1988

Scand J Work Environ Health

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JONES RD, SMITH OM, THOMAS PG. A mortality study of vinyl chloride monomer workers employed in the United Kingdom in 1940-1974. Scand J Work En viron Health 14 (1988 153-160. The mortalit y experience of 5 498 male wor kers emp loyed for at least one year during 1940-1 974 in th e vinyl chloride indu str y of the United Kingdom was followed through to 31 December 1984. Th ere was a significant excess of nonsecondary liver tumors with II deaths, of which seven were ang iosar coma s. All the an giosarcoma deaths occurred in auto clave workers with a median lat ency of 25 years from date of first exposur e. A strong health y worker effect was seen. Oth er than that for liver cancer, no increased incidence of cancer death s attributa ble to vinyl ch loride mon omer exposure was found . There was no evidence of increased mortality from chronic liver d isease. T he incidence of death from respirat ory disease was low and was not af fected by polyvinyl chlo ride dust exposure.

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Section: Occupational Exposurecontrasting

confidence: 38%

A mortality study of vinyl chloride monomer workers employed in the United Kingdom in 1940-1974.

Jones¹,

Smith²,

Thomas³

1988

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Ott et al (11) did not analyze their data separately for brain cancer, but rather included brain cancer deaths with cancer deaths from "all sites other than digestive and respiratory." Therefore, using an analytical technique similar to that described above, the proportion of expected brain cancer deaths among "all sites other than digestive and respiratory" from the EEH study (12) was applied to the expected in the study by Ott et al (11). As shown in Table 2, there was a resultant estimated 0.7 brain cancer deaths expected as compared to two observed.…”

Section: Brain Cancer In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the site-specific carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride to humans.

Infante¹

1981

Environ Health Perspect

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A review of epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to vinyl chloride (VC) was conducted. Some of these studies comprised small cohorts and thus were insensitive in the evaluation of carcinogenic response for sites that do not demonstrate a high relative risk. Other larger studies used methodology and design that precluded an interpretation of the results. Such limitations were acknowledged by some authors.Use of restrictive disease rubrics also lead to the submerging of sites that would have demonstrated significant excesses. For example, some investigators analyzed data for liver cancer deaths with the board category of digestive system cancer deaths, while others combined data for CNS cancer deaths with the broad cateogry of "other and unspecified cancer," and most studies analyzed information for lymphatic and hematopoietic system cancer deaths with all data combined. Only four of eight studies reviewed could demonstrate a significant excess of liver cancer among VC-exposed workers-a site confirmed in humans by 1974. In contrast, five of eight studies appear to demonstrate a significant excess of CNS cancer mortality. Workers exposed to VC also demonstrate a significant excess of mortality for lung cancer, while the data for lymphatic and hematopoietic system cancer are suggestive. Interpretation of cancer of the latter systems may have been clarified if investigators had not analyzed their data by broad disease classifications.

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“…Neither compound has been shown to produce carcinogenic response in experimental animals. The criterion for vinyl chloride has been derived from the carcinogenic data on mice and rats (61) by using the linear (one-hit) model and correlated with reported human occupational exposure on the incidence of hemangiosarcoma (62)(63)(64)(65). Vinyl chloride does not appear to be of significance in water media with the exception of effluents from vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride) plants.…”

Section: Examples Of Proposed Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(62)(63)(64)(65) mice, rats a large number of compounds presently'under review by the EPA's water quality office. Fortunately, we were able to secure the services of a large number of experts who assisted in drafting the assessment documents and in providing peer review for each chapter.…”

Section: Examples Of Proposed Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health hazards associated with chemical contamination of aquatic environment.

Stara¹,

Kello²,

Durkin³

1980

Environ Health Perspect

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Giventhe nite supply ofwater available for human use, continued chemical contamination ofthe aquatic environmentmay pose a significant human health hazard. Consequently, an effort must be made to develop ambient water quality criteria to protect human health and preserve the integrity of the aquatic environment. In developng water quality criteria based on human health effects, information on sources of exposure, pharcokicnetics, and adverse effects must be carefully evaluated. Information on sources of exposure is needed to determine the contribution of exposure from water relative to all other sources. Pharmacoinetic data are used in inter-and intraspecies extrapolation and in characterizing the mode of toxic action. Information on toxic effects includes data on acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. In analyzing such information, a distinction is made between threshold and nonthreshold effects. Currently, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity are considered to be nonthresiold effects. For carcinogens and mutagens, criteria are calculated by postulating an "acceptable" increased level of risk and using extrapolation models to estimate the dose which would result in this increased level of risk. For other chemicals, thresholds are assumed and criteria are calculated by deriving "acceptable daily intakes" for man which would presumably result in no observable adverse effects.Neither process is exact, and attempts must be made to improve and verify risk assessment methodologies.

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Vinyl Chloride Exposure in a Controlled Industrial Environment

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

A mortality study of vinyl chloride monomer workers employed in the United Kingdom in 1940-1974.

A mortality study of vinyl chloride monomer workers employed in the United Kingdom in 1940-1974.

Observations of the site-specific carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride to humans.

Human health hazards associated with chemical contamination of aquatic environment.

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