Violence among young men: the importance of a gender-specific developmental approach to adolescent male suicide and homicide

Rice, Timothy

doi:10.1515/ijamh-2015-5008

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“… 44 In addition, suicidal male adolescents are more likely to exhibit an impulsive presentation than suicidal female adolescents. 45 Since BIS-11 factor 2 is considered to reflect long-standing behavioural patterns, 46 it is plausible that boys with a lack of self-control and low self-esteem may be prone to suicidal behaviour. Gender modulated the association between impulsivity and SA and that may explain why BIS factor 2 score was significant in boys only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of impulsivity with self-harm and suicidal attempt: a community study of adolescents in Taiwan

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate differences and similarities in risk factors for deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal attempt (SA), and the role of impulsivity among a group of community adolescents.SettingThis is a cross-sectional study conducted at high schools in Northern Taiwan.Data and participantsWe recruited grade 1 students from 14 high schools. A total of 5879 participants (mean age 16.02 years, female adolescents: 57.7%) completed the online assessment.Outcome measuresParticipants completed online questionnaires about sociodemographic data, suicidality, history of DSH and SA, depressed mood, self-esteem, social support, family discord, impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11)) and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. A subsample was interviewed about lifetime SA, and the results were compared with those from the online questionnaires.ResultsIn our sample, 25% of the students had lifetime DSH and 3.5% had lifetime SA. Two hundred and seventy-two students received face-to-face interviews. The concordance between the online questionnaires and interviews in terms of ascertaining cases of SA was moderate (concordance rate 82.76%; kappa value 0.59). Similar risk factors for DSH/SA among the whole sample included female gender, lower academic performance, depression, substance use (tobacco and alcohol) and low self-esteem. The BIS-11 score was correlated with DSH. Factor 3 score of the BIS-11 (novelty seeking) was correlated with DSH in both boys and girls, whereas factor 2 score (lack of self-control) was correlated with SA in boys. Social support was a protective factor against SA among the female adolescents. Gender modulated the association of impulsivity and DSH/SA. Associations between impulsivity and DSH and SA were particularly strong among boys.ConclusionsRisk factors for DSH and SA were similar, but not identical. Early identification of those at risk and appropriate interventions may be helpful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of impulsivity with self-harm and suicidal attempt: a community study of adolescents in Taiwan

et al. 2017

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“…Those males also tend to display more aggressive behaviors related to defending territories and gaining exclusive or priority access to important resources. This male advantage in social competition, territoriality, and active territory use is common in many species (Wilson and Daly, 1985; reviewed in Ervin et al, 2015a; Geary, 2016; Marlowe, 2005), and may be linked to the higher incidence and/or severity in men of risk-taking disorders, impulsive behaviors, and disorders of social behavior such as autism spectrum disorders (Lai et al, 2013), early onset schizophrenia (Shepherd et al, 2012), and violence and impulsive aggression (Caspi et al, 2014; Rice, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the brain: Implications for behavioral and biomedical research

Choleris

Galea

Sohrabji

et al. 2018

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

183

139

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Biological differences between males and females are found at multiple levels. However, females have too often been under-represented in behavioral neuroscience research, which has stymied the study of potential sex differences in neurobiology and behavior. This review focuses on the study of sex differences in the neurobiology of social behavior, memory, emotions, and recovery from brain injury, with particular emphasis on the role of estrogens in regulating forebrain function. This work, presented by the authors at the 2016 meeting of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society, emphasizes varying approaches from several mammalian species in which sex differences have not only been documented, but also become the focus of efforts to understand the mechanistic basis underlying them. This information may provide readers with useful experimental tools to successfully address recently introduced regulations by granting agencies that either require (e.g. the National Institutes of Health in the United States and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in Canada) or recommend (e.g. Horizon 2020 in Europe) the inclusion of both sexes in biomedical research.

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Assessment of impulsivity in adolescent mice: A new training procedure for a 3-choice serial reaction time task

Sasamori

Ohmura

Kubo

et al. 2018

Behavioural Brain Research

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Immaturity in impulse control among adolescents could result in substance abuse, criminal involvement, and suicide. The brains of adolescents and adults are anatomically, neurophysiologically, and pharmacologically different. Therefore, preclinical models of adolescent impulsivity are required to screen drugs for adolescents and elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying age-related differences in impulsivity. The conventional 3- or 5-choice serial reaction time task, which is a widely used task to assess impulsivity in adult rodents, cannot be used for young mice because of two technical problems: impaired growth caused by food restriction and the very long training duration. To overcome these problems, we altered the conventional training process, optimizing the degree of food restriction for young animals and shortening the training duration. We found that almost all basal performance levels were similar between the novel and conventional procedures. We also confirmed the pharmacological validity of our results: the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT) receptor agonist Ro60-0175 (0.6 mg/kg, subcutaneous) reduced the occurrence of premature responses, whereas the 5-HT receptor antagonist SB242084 (0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal) increased their occurrence, consistent with results of previous studies using conventional procedures. Furthermore, we detected age-related differences in impulsivity using the novel procedure: adolescent mice were found to be more impulsive than adult mice, congruent with the results of human studies. Thus, the new procedure enables the assessment of impulsivity in adolescent mice and facilitates a better understanding of the neurophysiological/pharmacological properties of adolescents.

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Violence among young men: the importance of a gender-specific developmental approach to adolescent male suicide and homicide

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Correlation of impulsivity with self-harm and suicidal attempt: a community study of adolescents in Taiwan

Correlation of impulsivity with self-harm and suicidal attempt: a community study of adolescents in Taiwan

Sex differences in the brain: Implications for behavioral and biomedical research

Assessment of impulsivity in adolescent mice: A new training procedure for a 3-choice serial reaction time task

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