Violence and Moral Exclusion: Legitimizing Domestic Military Operations in Brazil

Abstract

Many contemporary security issues entail the domestic military deployment, which is deemed to blur the division between armed forces and police. This argument relies on the theoretical coalescence between territory, political authority, and community. In contrast, I argue the military domestic deployment is largely grounded on the process of defining and redefining the boundaries of the community to be protected, which informs the organization of the instruments of force and is shaped throughout the process of legitimizing a particular kind of violence deployment. This article analyses the parliamentary minutes on three domestic military operations in Brazil—Operation Rio (1994), Operation Arcanjo (2010), and the Operation Rio de Janeiro (2017)—through the moral exclusion framework and shows that the debates about whether or not the armed forces should be deployed are embedded in the struggle of drawing the community’s boundaries.

Citizenship, Enmity, and the Normative Theory of Domestic Military Use

“…For example, in some parts of the world such as France or Italy, certain paramilitary forces have been employed almost exclusively domestically in ways that likely make their use closer in meaning to policing than to military action. In other regions such as parts of Latin America militaries are almost exclusively used domestically (Pereira, 2021; Succi Junior, 2022). This problem is addressed in part in the fourth section, although a thorough expansion of the argument to other national contexts is outside the scope of this article.…”