Violência doméstica na gravidez: prevalência e fatores associados

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To identify the factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women. METHODS:Interviews were conducted with 1,379 pregnant women undergoing antenatal care in basic health care units of the Brazilian Health System, within the municipality of Campinas (Southeastern Brazil). A structured questionnaire on domestic violence, validated in Brazil, was applied between July 2004 and July 2006. The fi rst and second interviews in a cohort study were analyzed. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis of the data were conducted. RESULTS:Psychological violence was reported by 19.1% (n=263) of the total sample of pregnant women and physical/sexual violence was reported by 6.5% (n=89) of them. The factors associated to psychological violence were: adolescent intimate partner (p<0.019) and the pregnant woman had witnessed physical aggression before she was 15 years old (p<0.001). The factors associated to physical/sexual violence were: diffi culties encountered by the pregnant woman in attending her antenatal appointments (p<0.014), intimate partner uses drugs (p<0.015) and does not work (p<0.048). The factors associated to psychological and physical/ sexual violence were: low level of education of the interviewee (p<0.013 and p<0.020, respectively), the pregnant woman being responsible for the family (p<0.001 and p=0.017, respectively) pregnant woman had suffered physical aggression during childhood (p<0.029 and p<0.038, respectively), presence of common mental disorder (p<0.001) and intimate partner consumes alcoholic beverage twice or more weekly. (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:A high prevalence of different categories of domestic violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy was found as well as different factors associated with them. Appropriate mechanisms are necessary, particularly in primary health care, to identify and deal with domestic violence during pregnancy. DESCRIPTORS

Depression during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors among women attending a public health clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…The lifetime prevalence of emotional or physical abuse was high in our study, a finding consistent with many Brazilian and international studies 66,67,68 . The prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy was similar to that reported in prior Brazilian studies 29,69,70 . This violence is mainly committed by intimate partners, and is an important risk factor for depression in women 5,7,29,70,71,72,73,74 .…”

“…The prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy was similar to that reported in prior Brazilian studies 29,69,70 . This violence is mainly committed by intimate partners, and is an important risk factor for depression in women 5,7,29,70,71,72,73,74 . Additionally, gender-based violence has adverse consequences for fetal and maternal survival 29,69,72,73 .…”

Factors associated with physical violence against pregnant women from São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil: an approach using structural equation modeling

“…Another study conducted in Rio de Janeiro revealed that physical violence was more frequent against adolescent pregnant women who had a low educational level, did not work outside the home, had fewer prenatal appointments, had low levels of social support, were from low-income families, had three or more children aged less than five and who reported use of alcohol 11 . In Campinas (São Paulo), pregnant women with low schooling and women who were heads of their household were more exposed to physical and sexual violence 12 . In another study in Rio de Janeiro, physical violence was more frequent among pregnant adolescents who reported use of alcohol 13 .…”

“…Most studies have used bivariate or multivariable analyses by means of logistic regression 4,5,11,12,13 . There are criticisms of this type of analysis because it only investigates direct relationships between explanatory variables and an outcome, not allowing for the evaluation of intermediate paths, i.e., indirect or mediation effects 14,15 .…”

Violência contra a mulher na rede de atenção básica: o que os enfermeiros sabem sobre o problema?

“…1 Entre as gestantes, estudos brasileiros recentes encontraram índices de violência variando entre 5,1 e 19,1%. [2][3][4] Estes dados sugerem o alto impacto da VCM na saúde e na vida individual, familiar e coletiva com repercussões sócioe-conomicas e políticas. 5 Apesar de sua alta prevalência, a VCM é pouco identificada nos serviços de saúde, sendo caracterizada como um problema extremamente difícil de ser abordado.…”