Violent Female Victimization Trends across Europe, Canada, and the United States

Selmini, Rossella; McElrath, Suzy

doi:10.1086/678329

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The recent emphases on victims and on sexual offenses may have made victims and police more sensitive than in earlier times to minor kinds of invasive behavior, citizens more likely to perceive incidents as assaultive when answering victimization surveys and to report incidents to the police, and police more likely to treat them as offenses. Selmini and McElrath (2014) show that sexual offense rates in Scandinavia continued rising long after they began to fall in many countries. Kangaspunta and Haen Marshall (2012) reviewed victimization survey data and police statistics on intimate violence in a number of countries.…”

Section: Why Apparent Rises In Violent Crime Arementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the English-speaking and some western European countries, rates for nonlethal violence have fallen substantially, paralleling homicide and property crime. In other western European countries, rates of nonlethal violent crime have either increased substantially or in any event not fallen Linde 2010, 2012;Selmini and McElrath 2014). In some countries, including those in Scandinavia, both police and victimization survey data show increases in rates of nonlethal violence.…”

Section: The Recent Rise and Contemporary Fall In Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other places, including many western European countries, they occurred and are occurring later. It is difficult, for example, not to hypothesize that all three mechanisms are major causes of recent increases in rates of sexual offending and assaults in official data in the Scandinavian countries (Selmini and McElrath 2014). Sexual crimes are the targets of major social and political movements there and the subjects of important changes in criminal laws and practices (Skilbrei andHolmströ m 2011, 2013;Tham, Rö nneling, and Rytterbro 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why Crime Rates Are Falling throughout the Western World

Tonry¹

2014

Crime and Justice

135

102

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Section: Why Apparent Rises In Violent Crime Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Recent Rise and Contemporary Fall In Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why Crime Rates Are Falling throughout the Western World

Tonry¹

2014

Crime and Justice

135

102

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“…Lappi-Seppälä & Lehti (2014, p. 467;cf. Baumer & Wolff, 2014, p. 261;Selmini & McElrath, 2014) concluded that "gender equality seems to go along with general welfare indicators which reduce all types of lethal violence in society, and male victimization decreases then usually even faster than female victimization. "…”

Section: Gender Differences In Homicide Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal Violence: A Global View on Homicide

Oberwittler

2019

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice

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As the most serious crime, homicide is both relevant and suitable for cross-national comparisons. The global homicide rate of ca. 6 per 100,000 people is an average of hugely diverging national rates ranging from 0.25 in Singapore to ca. 100 in El Salvador. The validity of global homicide statistics suffers from various differences in definitions as well as reporting and registration processes. Both criminal justice and causes of death statistics are used by the World Health Organization to construct rates, yet these are available only for a minority of countries. An overview on homicide in history and non-state societies shows that violence levels were considerably higher compared to those in today’s developed world and have dropped dramatically in Europe and North America during the early modern period. The rates first increased and then declined between ca.1960 and today in most developed nations in a synchronized manner, hinting at common influences. In recent years, homicide trends have shown a polarizing pattern, with increasing rates in Latin America and decreasing rates in most other world regions, especially East Asia and the Pacific, where rates have fallen below the European average concurrent with rising scores on the Human Development Index. Except in Eastern Europe, the frequency of homicide is strongly linked to the use of firearms, which account for 44% of homicide cases worldwide. Longitudinal studies have produced robust evidence for the pivotal role of deprivation and inequality in fostering lethal violence and of social welfare policies in reducing it. Although the transition to democratic political systems seems to increase homicide rates temporarily, the legitimacy of state institutions and the suppression of corruption are connected to lower homicide rates. Because of conceptual and methodological problems, questions concerning the generalizability of effects across space and time remain. Nevertheless, the research findings are sufficiently robust to draw important conclusions for violence prevention: reductions in poverty and income inequality, investments in welfare policies and gender equality, and improvements in the legitimacy of state institutions will help to bring homicide rates down.

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“…The recent declines are incontrovertible in relation to property offenses and homicide; no well-informed scholar disagrees (Eisner, 2008;Farrell et al, 2014;Lappi-Seppälä and Lehti, 2014.). The pattern is somewhat less clear for non-lethal violence, including sexual offenses Linde, 2010, 2012;Selmini and McElrath, 2014). In the English-speaking and some continental European countries, both victimization and official police data show declines.…”

Section: The Differences Differences Makementioning

confidence: 99%

Is cross-national and comparative research on the criminal justice system useful?

Tonry

2015

European Journal of Criminology

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Comparative and cross-national research on the criminal justice system is burgeoning. Case studies of institutions and systems in individual countries are proliferating, as are theoretical and quantitative cross-national analyses of the predictors of crime rates and punishment patterns. Some things have been learned. Penal policies and punishment patterns are outgrowths of distinctive national histories and cultures. General theories of the culture of control, penal populism, and the effects of neo-liberalism have been refuted. Cross-national analyses of crime rates and trends have shown that trends in homicide and property crime have moved in parallel, though sometimes with lags, in all developed Western countries since the 1950s. The evidence is less clear concerning patterns of non-lethal violence. It increased in all Western countries between the 1960s and 1990s and in most has since declined. The clear weight of the evidence suggests it has declined in all countries; in some, rates appear to be stable or increasing but this is probably misleading and results from the interacting effects of changing cultural patterns of tolerance of violence, increasing victim reporting to the police, and increasing police registration of crimes reported. On other subjects, most notably when and why countries adopt policies and institutions pioneered elsewhere, comparatively little is known.

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Violent Female Victimization Trends across Europe, Canada, and the United States

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Why Crime Rates Are Falling throughout the Western World

Why Crime Rates Are Falling throughout the Western World

Lethal Violence: A Global View on Homicide

Is cross-national and comparative research on the criminal justice system useful?

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