Viologen radical stabilization by molecular spectators for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Liu, Lei; Yao, Yanxin; Wang, Zengyue; Lu, Yi-Chun

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105897

Cited by 67 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…[25] EV:ethyl viologen. [34] BHOE-Vi:1,1'-bis(2ethyl alcohol)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium dibromide. [27] [(Me)(NPr)V)]Cl 3 :1 -methyl-1'-[3-(trimethylammonio) propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium trichloride.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Structure Regulation: A Rod‐Shaped Viologen Enables Long Lifetime in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Song

Fan

et al. 2021

Angewandte Chemie

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As table rod-like sulfonated viologen (R-Vi) derivative is developed through as patial-structure-adjustment strategy for neutral aqueous organic redoxf lowb atteries (AORFBs). The obtained R-Vifeatures four individual methyl groups on the 2,2',6,6'-positions of the 4,4'-bipyridine core ring. The tethered methyls confine the movement of the alkylc hain as well as the sulfonic anion, thus driving the spatial structure from sigmoid to rod shape.T he R-Viw ith weak charge attraction and large molecular dimension displays an ultralow membrane permeability that is only 14.7 %o ft hat of typical sigmoid viologen. Moreover,t he electron-donating effect of methyls endows R-Viw ith the lowest redox potential of À0.55 Vv s. SHE among one-electron-storage viologen-based AORFBs.The AORFB with the R-Vianolyte and aK 4 Fe(CN) 6 catholyte exhibits an energy efficiency up to 87 %a nd extremely lowc apacity-fade rate of 0.007 %p er cycle in 3200 continuous cycles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(SPr) 2 V: 1,1'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium [25]. EV:ethyl viologen [34]. BHOE-Vi:1,1'-bis(2ethyl alcohol)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium dibromide [27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Structure Regulation: A Rod‐Shaped Viologen Enables Long Lifetime in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Song

Fan

et al. 2021

Angewandte Chemie

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“…In 2021, two studies using viologens were published, where different strategies to reduce the dimerization of viologen radical cations and improve the active species performance in AORFB were used. L. Liu et al [150] used α-cyclodextrin as a molecular spectator to weaken the intermolecular interactions of viologen radicals. When this solution was applied in a full cell, using a ferrocene derivative as the active species in the positive electrolyte, they achieved 59.8% EE at 40 mA cm −2 .…”

Section: Organic Aqueousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Flow Batteries: Materials, Design and Prospects

et al. 2021

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The implementation of renewable energy sources is rapidly growing in the electrical sector. This is a major step for civilization since it will reduce the carbon footprint and ensure a sustainable future. Nevertheless, these sources of energy are far from perfect and require complementary technologies to ensure dispatchable energy and this requires storage. In the last few decades, redox flow batteries (RFB) have been revealed to be an interesting alternative for this application, mainly due to their versatility and scalability. This technology has been the focus of intense research and great advances in the last decade. This review aims to summarize the most relevant advances achieved in the last few years, i.e., from 2015 until the middle of 2021. A synopsis of the different types of RFB technology will be conducted. Particular attention will be given to vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), the most mature RFB technology, but also to the emerging most promising chemistries. An in-depth review will be performed regarding the main innovations, materials, and designs. The main drawbacks and future perspectives for this technology will also be addressed.

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“…Electrochemical energy storage techniques which can balance the intermittent production and smooth consumption are effective routes to fulfill the highly penetration of renewable energy sources [1–3] . Among them, redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the most promising large‐scale energy storage technology ascribed to the decoupled energy capacity and power output, long lifetime, full charge and discharge capability, high safety and environmental‐friendly [4–9] . As depicted in Figure 1, RFBs comprise three main components: electrolyte, electrode, and ion exchange membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

2021

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It is challenging to directly integrate renewable energies into the grid due to the inherent random and intermittent nature. Electrochemical energy storage techniques which can balance the intermittent production and smooth consumption are effective routes to fulfill the highly penetration of renewable energy sources. Among them, redox flow batteries (RFBs) are regarded as promising large‐scale energy storage and conversion devices attributed to the flexible design, long lifetime and high safety. Electrode and ion exchange membrane materials have crucial influences on cell performance of RFBs in terms of efficiency, rate performance, output power density and cyclability. Application of nanomaterials to obtain advanced electrode and membrane materials has prompt improvements of aqueous RFBs. This minireview includes the design, synthesis, and application of nanomaterials in preparation of both electrodes and ion exchange membranes for aqueous RFBs. Furthermore, current challenges and future prospects of application of nanomaterials in aqueous RFBs are outlined. We expect to provide a guide for the fabrication of advanced electrodes and membranes incorporation of nanomaterials towards high performance and low cost RFBs in future.

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Viologen radical stabilization by molecular spectators for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Cited by 67 publications

References 48 publications

Spatial Structure Regulation: A Rod‐Shaped Viologen Enables Long Lifetime in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Spatial Structure Regulation: A Rod‐Shaped Viologen Enables Long Lifetime in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Redox Flow Batteries: Materials, Design and Prospects

Application of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

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