Viral Circular RNAs and Their Possible Roles in Virus-Host Interaction

Zhang, Xing; Liang, Zi; Wang, Chonglong; Shen, Zeen; Sun, Sufei; Gong, Chengliang; Hu, Xiaolong

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.939768

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Since then, multiple DNA and RNA viruses have been shown to encode viral circRNAs [ 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ], and several reports have investigated the crucial role of virus-coded circRNAs in the intricate virus–host interaction. Nonetheless, the precise biological roles of virus-coded circRNAs are still elusive [ 113 , 114 ].…”

Section: Involvement Of Circrnas In Innate Immunity Against Viral Inf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Involvement of circRNAs in the Innate Immune Responses to Viral Infection

Maarouf,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Effective viral clearance requires fine-tuned immune responses to minimize undesirable inflammatory responses. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are abundant and highly stable, formed by backsplicing pre-mRNAs, and expressed ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells, emerging as critical regulators of a plethora of signaling pathways. Recent progress in high-throughput sequencing has enabled a better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological functions of circRNAs, overcoming the obstacle of the sequence overlap between circRNAs and their linear cognate mRNAs. Some viruses also encode circRNAs implicated in viral replication or disease progression. There is increasing evidence that viral infections dysregulate circRNA expression and that the altered expression of circRNAs is critical in regulating viral infection and replication. circRNAs were shown to regulate gene expression via microRNA and protein sponging or via encoding small polypeptides. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential role of circRNAs as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, RNA vaccines and antiviral therapy candidates due to their higher stability and lower immunogenicity. This review presents an up-to-date summary of the mechanistic involvement of circRNAs in innate immunity against viral infections, the current understanding of their regulatory roles, and the suggested applications.

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Section: Involvement Of Circrnas In Innate Immunity Against Viral Inf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Involvement of circRNAs in the Innate Immune Responses to Viral Infection

Maarouf,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Some recent studies have confirmed that circRNAs are encoded by RNA viruses such as the B. mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) [ 122 , 123 ]. The viral circRNAs have a number of biological roles, including controlling viral over-proliferation and preventing innate immunity from being activated [ 124 ]. In this section, we highlight the effect of circRNAs that are encoded by pathogens on the immune systems of insects.…”

Section: Pathogen-encoded Circrnas Hijack the Host System For Prolife...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion

Abbas

Kausar

Gul

et al. 2023

Genes

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are highly stable, covalently closed molecules that frequently exhibit tissue-specific expression in eukaryotes. A small number of circRNAs are abundant and have been remarkably conserved throughout evolution. Numerous circRNAs are known to play important biological roles by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) or protein inhibitors (‘sponges’), by regulating the function of proteins, or by being translated themselves. CircRNAs have distinct cellular functions due to structural and production differences from mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of characterizing circRNAs and their targets in a variety of insect species in order to fully understand how they contribute to the immune responses of these insects. Here, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the biogenesis of circRNAs, regulation of their abundance, and biological roles, such as serving as templates for translation and in the regulation of signaling pathways. We also discuss the emerging roles of circRNAs in regulating immune responses to various microbial pathogens. Furthermore, we describe the functions of circRNAs encoded by microbial pathogens that play in their hosts.

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“…Several viruses can alter the circRNA landscape of infected cells to modulate host gene expression ( Xie et al, 2021 ). Notably, viruses have been shown to exploit the cellular machinery to generate viral circRNAs for their own profit, while hosts may also use these molecules to suppress viral replication ( Zhang X. et al, 2022 ). The circRNAs epitranscriptome has also been linked to viral infections.…”

Section: The Non-coding Rna Epitranscriptome Landscape During Viral I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden RNA code: implications of the RNA epitranscriptome in the context of viral infections

Ribeiro,

Nunes,

Ribeiro

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Emerging evidence highlights the multifaceted roles of the RNA epitranscriptome during viral infections. By modulating the modification landscape of viral and host RNAs, viruses enhance their propagation and elude host surveillance mechanisms. Here, we discuss how specific RNA modifications, in either host or viral RNA molecules, impact the virus-life cycle and host antiviral responses, highlighting the potential of targeting the RNA epitranscriptome for novel antiviral therapies.

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Viral Circular RNAs and Their Possible Roles in Virus-Host Interaction

Cited by 14 publications

References 108 publications

Functional Involvement of circRNAs in the Innate Immune Responses to Viral Infection

Functional Involvement of circRNAs in the Innate Immune Responses to Viral Infection

The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion

The hidden RNA code: implications of the RNA epitranscriptome in the context of viral infections

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