Viral Dynamics of Primary HIV‐1 Infection in Senegal, West Africa

Sarr, Abdoulaye; Eisen, Geoffrey; Guèye-Ndiaye, Aı̈ssatou; Mullins, Christopher; Traore, Ibrahima; Dia, M.; Sankalé, Jean-Louis; Faye, Daouda; Mboup, Souleymane; Kanki, Phyllis J.

doi:10.1086/429409

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…5 viral RNA copies/ml (128 days postinfection); this is consistent with a recent analysis in humans in which 2 of 23 patients had a plasma viral load above 10 5 viral RNA copies/ml after 1 year of infection (59). One of the twelve untreated macaques had an undetectable plasma viral load at set point; in a human cohort of 426 patients, 6.7% had a plasma viral load of Ͻ500 copies/ml 5 years after seroconversion (36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Dynamics of T-Cell Responses and Memory T Cells during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques

Karlsson

Malleret

Brochard

et al. 2007

J Virol

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Cellular immune responses make an important contribution to both the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and disease progression. We used a pathogenic model of SIVmac251 infection of cynomolgus macaques to longitudinally evaluate cellular immune responses in association with various rates of disease progression. We found an inverse relationship between plasma viral load and the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific T cells responses in peripheral blood and lymph nodes. SIV-specific T-cell responses in peripheral blood were transient during primary infection, with the highest responses detected around 3 months after infection. There was also a transient increase of central memory CD8؉ T cells in peripheral blood during primary infection, and effector memory T-cell counts in peripheral lymph nodes were increased. This study emphasizes the importance of the early virus-specific immune responses in the outcome of HIV/SIV disease and provides details about the changes of virus-specific immune responses over time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Dynamics of T-Cell Responses and Memory T Cells during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques

Karlsson

Malleret

Brochard

et al. 2007

J Virol

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“…In the Rakai cohort, the prevalence of these coinfections was unknown, particularly because trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and isoniazid were not provided as prophylaxis [7]. It is also unknown to what extent differences in HIV-1 clades linked to dissimilar genetic background could have contributed to the differences observed between our study and the ones conducted in Africa [28,29]. Our study had several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Does Not Influence Viral Dynamics during Early HIV‐1 Infection

et al. 2007

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“…Therefore, more isolates are being tested currently to confirm these observations. Recent studies conducted in Ghana and Senegal, countries in sub-Saharan Africa where CRF02_AG predominates, reported a higher viral load for patients infected with CRF02_AG compared to other subtypes [Fischetti et al, 2004a, b;Sarr et al, 2005]. The investigators subtyped all viruses studied in multiple genes (gag, pol, and env).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) has a higher in vitro replicative capacity than its parental subtypes A and G

et al. 2006

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form (CRF) 02_AG is the predominant subtype in Cameroon, even more prevalent than the parental subtypes A and G. An important question that needs to be addressed is whether recombination in HIV-1 infection can lead to the emergence of viruses with biological advantages. The replicative capacity was investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 13 R5-tropic primary HIV-1 isolates, including 5 CRF02_AG, 4 subtype A, and 4 subtype G viruses. HIV-1 subtype identity was defined by phylogeny either of the full-length genome or analysis of a combination of segments of the gag, pro, pol, and env genes followed by recombination breakpoint analysis. All viruses were grown on PBMCs for 11 days and culture supernatant was analyzed for reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and p24 production. On day 11 post-infection, CRF02_AG strains had a 1.4-1.9 times higher RT activity and reached a significantly higher level of p24 production than the parental subtypes A and G. Furthermore, the replication rate as measured by p24 production was 1.4 times higher for CRF02_AG strains compared to the subtypes A and G. This study suggests that the recombination event that led to CRF02_AG resulted in a variant with a better replicative capacity than its progenitors. This adaptation could contribute to the broader spread of HIV-1 CRF02_AG leading to its predominance in West Central Africa compared to the lower prevalence of its parental subtypes A and G.

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Viral Dynamics of Primary HIV‐1 Infection in Senegal, West Africa

Abstract: Our findings in Senegalese women differ from what have been described for primary HIV-1 infection. Further investigations of primary infections with non-B subtypes are warranted, to better characterize their differences with primary infections with subtype B.

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

Dynamics of T-Cell Responses and Memory T Cells during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques

Dynamics of T-Cell Responses and Memory T Cells during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Does Not Influence Viral Dynamics during Early HIV‐1 Infection

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) has a higher in vitro replicative capacity than its parental subtypes A and G

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