Viral gastroenteritis induced by the Hawaii agent

Dolin, Raphael; Levy, Alison; Wyatt, Richard G.; Thornhill, Thomas S.; Gardner, Jerry D.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(75)90461-1

Cited by 102 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our results for infection of the 3-D Caco-2 cells with human norovirus indicate that 1) cellular pathology (namely, the loss or shortening of apical microvilli) is consistent with observations in previous in vivo studies (Cheetham et al . 2006; Dolin et al . 1975; Schreiber et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human norovirus infection of Caco-2 cells grown as a three-dimensional tissue structure

Straub

Bartholomew

Valdez

et al. 2010

Journal of Water and Health

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Human norovirus (hNoV) infectivity was studied using a 3-dimensional model of large intestinal epithelium. Large intestine Caco-2 cells were grown in rotating wall vessel bioreactors for 18-21 days at 37°C and then transferred to 24-well tissue culture plates where they were infected with GI.1 and GII.4 human noroviruses collected from human challenge trials and various outbreak settings, respectively. Compared to uninfected cells, transmission micrographs of norovirus infected cells displayed evidence of shortening or total loss of apical microvilli, and vacuolization. Quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated an approximate 2-3 Log10 increase in viral RNA copies for the infected cells. A passage experiment examined both the ability for continued viral RNA and viral antigen detection. In the passaged samples 1.01 × 106 copies/mL were detected by qRT-PCR. Immune electron microscopy using primary antibody to hNoV GI.1 capsids in conjunction with 6 nm gold-labeled secondary antibodies was performed on crude cellular lysates. Localization of antibody was observed in infected but not for uninfected cells. Our present findings, coupled with earlier work with the 3-dimensional small intestinal INT407 model, demonstrate the utility of 3-D cell culture methods to develop infectivity assays for enteric viruses that do not readily infect mammalian cell cultures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human norovirus infection of Caco-2 cells grown as a three-dimensional tissue structure

Straub

Bartholomew

Valdez

et al. 2010

Journal of Water and Health

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“…Although HuNoVs can cause debilitating gastroenteritis, available evidence indicates that this disease is associated with only modest intestinal pathology (Blacklow et al, 1972; Dolin et al, 1975; Schreiber et al, 1973, 1974). No gross histological changes have been observed in the intestines of HuNoV-infected gnotobiotic pigs (Bui et al, 2013; Cheetham et al, 2006), chimpanzees (Bok et al, 2011), or immunocompromised mice (Taube et al, 2013); likewise MuNoV-infected mice show no gross histological abnormalities (Mumphrey et al, 2007).…”

Section: Elucidating Norovirus Pathogenesis In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No gross histological changes have been observed in the intestines of HuNoV-infected gnotobiotic pigs (Bui et al, 2013; Cheetham et al, 2006), chimpanzees (Bok et al, 2011), or immunocompromised mice (Taube et al, 2013); likewise MuNoV-infected mice show no gross histological abnormalities (Mumphrey et al, 2007). Similarly, HuNoV and MuNoV infections induce only modest inflammation of the intestinal lamina propria (Blacklow et al, 1972; Dolin et al, 1975; Mumphrey et al, 2007; Schreiber et al, 1973, 1974; Souza et al, 2008; Troeger et al, 2009) and apoptosis of IECs (Cheetham et al, 2006; Mumphrey et al, 2007; Troeger et al, 2009). Thus, one remaining question in NoV pathogenesis is how the virus causes severe gastroenteritis while inducing only modest intestinal pathology, inflammation, and apoptosis.…”

Section: Elucidating Norovirus Pathogenesis In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Norovirus Biology

Karst

Wobus

Goodfellow

et al. 2014

Cell Host & Microbe

191

208

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Human noroviruses are a major cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide, and can chronically infect immunocompromised patients. Efforts to develop effective vaccines and antivirals have been hindered by the uncultivable nature and extreme genetic diversity of human noroviruses. Although they remain a particularly challenging pathogen to study, recent advances in norovirus animal models and in vitro cultivation systems have led to an increased understanding of norovirus molecular biology and replication, pathogenesis, cell tropism, and innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, clinical trials of vaccines consisting of nonreplicating virus-like particles have shown promise. In this review, we summarize these recent advances and discuss controversies in the field, which is rapidly progressing towards generation of antiviral agents and increasingly effective vaccines.

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“…Before the cloning of the prototype Norwalk virus (NV) genome [Jiang et al, 1990,19931, HuCVs generally were called Norwalklike or Norwalk-related viruses [Adler and Zickl, 1969;Kapikian and Chanock, 19851 or named for the location of collection, such as Snow Mountain agent [SMA; Dolin et al, 19821, Hawaii agent [HA;Dolin et al, 1975;Thornhill et al, 19771, or Sapporo calicivirus [Nakata et al, 19831. Two HuCV morphologic types have been described by electron microscopy (EM) examination: small round structured viruses (SRSVs) and morphologically typical caliciviruses [Caul and Appleton, 19821.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of gastroenteritis in elderly nursing homes and retirement facilities associated with human caliciviruses

et al. 1996

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Eleven outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, eight of which were in nursing homes or retirement facilities, were reported in virginia during the winter of 1993-1994. Serum samples (four outbreaks) and stool samples (two outbreaks) from involved people were tested for human calicivirus (HuCV) infection by enzyme immune assays (EIAs) using recombinant Norwalk virus (rNV) and Mexico virus (rMX) capsid antigens and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of the 31 pairs of acute and convalescent serum specimens tested, 24 had a fourfold or more titer increase to rMX and 4 responded to rNV. In all four outbreaks, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) against rMX were significantly higher than those against rNV in the convalescent, but not in the acute phase of illness. The antibody response to rMX among these patients was also higher than to rNV (summary mean 32-fold increase vs. 0.7-fold increase, respectively, P < .001). Antigen was detected in 5 of 21 stool specimens tested by the rMX EIA, RNA in 12 of 17 stool specimens tested by RT-PCR, and small round structured virus (SRSV) particles in 12 of 21 by electron microscopy (EM); none were positive by the rNV EIA. Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR-amplified products from the viral RNA polymerase region revealed 92-93% amino acid identity with Snow Mountain agent (SMA), 86% with MX, 58-59% with NV, and 31-32% with Sapporo HuCV, suggesting that these viruses belong to the SMA HuCV genogroup.

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Viral gastroenteritis induced by the Hawaii agent

Cited by 102 publications

References 17 publications

Human norovirus infection of Caco-2 cells grown as a three-dimensional tissue structure

Human norovirus infection of Caco-2 cells grown as a three-dimensional tissue structure

Advances in Norovirus Biology

Outbreaks of gastroenteritis in elderly nursing homes and retirement facilities associated with human caliciviruses

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