Viral Hepatitis Among Somali Immigrants in Minnesota: Association of Hepatitis C With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Shire, Abdirashid M.; Sandhu, Dalbir S.; Kaiya, Joseph; Oseini, Abdul M.; Yang, Ju Dong; Chaiteerakij, Roongruedee; Mettler, Teresa A.; Giama, Nasra H.; Roberts, Rosebud O.; Therneau, Terry M.; Petersen, Gloria M.; Knutson, Keith L.; Roberts, Lewis R.

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.08.001

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Shire et al [24] studied a sample of Somali immigrants to Minnesota who had HCC. They found that both HBV and HCV occurred frequently in this sample of immigrants; however, HCV was the major risk factor for HCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of viral hepatitis in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Amer¹,

Gemaay²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2013

Egyptian Liver Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of viral hepatitis in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Amer¹,

Gemaay²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2013

Egyptian Liver Journal

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“…For example, a survey of over 4300 Asian immigrants to New York City showed that 13% of this cohort was HBsAg positive [34]. Similarly, a study of Somali immigrants in Minnesota showed HBV prevalence rates of ten times the baseline population [35]. Given these data, the true prevalence of HBV in the US has been estimated to be as high as 2.2 million individuals, with up to 1.3 million foreign-born HBV positive individuals [36].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Viral Hepatitis Among Migrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigration and viral hepatitis

Sharma

Carballo

Feld

et al. 2015

Journal of Hepatology

137

103

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WHO estimates reveal that the global prevalence of viral hepatitis may be as high as 500 million, with an annual mortality rate of up to 1.3 million individuals. The majority of this global burden of disease is borne by nations of the developing world with high rates of vertical and iatrogenic transmission of HBV and HCV, as well as poor access to healthcare. In 2013, 3.2% of the global population (231 million individuals) migrated into a new host nation. Migrants predominantly originate from the developing countries of the south, into the developed economies of North America and Western Europe. This mass migration of individuals from areas of high-prevalence of viral hepatitis poses a unique challenge to the healthcare systems of the host nations. Due to a lack of universal standards for screening, vaccination and treatment of viral hepatitis, the burden of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma continues to increase among migrant populations globally. Efforts to increase case identification and treatment among migrants have largely been limited to small outreach programs in urban centers, such that the majority of migrants with viral hepatitis continue to remain unaware of their infection. This review summarizes the data on prevalence of viral hepatitis and burden of chronic liver disease among migrants, current standards for screening and treatment of immigrants and refugees, and efforts to improve the identification and treatment of viral hepatitis among migrants.

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“…By design it omits several large populations of persons at increased risk of HCV infection, including homeless persons, those in jail or prison, and those living on Indian reservations. Second, several additional groups at increased risk of hepatitis C, while not excluded from the NHANES sampling frame, are poorly represented because of small sample sizes, including Puerto Rican Americans, other ethnic minorities, and people born in high‐prevalence countries . Third, nonresponse bias could result in underestimation if persons at elevated risk of hepatitis C differentially opt not to participate or do not provide a blood specimen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States

Edlin

Eckhardt

Shu³

et al. 2015

Hepatology

389

312

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Data from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate that about 3.6 million people in the United States have antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, of whom 2.7 million are currently infected. NHANES, however, excludes several high-risk populations from its sampling frame, including people who are incarcerated, homeless, or hospitalized; nursing home residents; active-duty military personnel; and people living on Indian reservations. We undertook a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and sought out unpublished presentations and data to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C in these excluded populations and in turn improve the estimate of the number of people with hepatitis C in the United States. The available data do not support a precise result, but we estimated that 1.0 million (range 0.4 million-1.8 million) persons excluded from the NHANES sampling frame have hepatitis C virus antibody, including 500,000 incarcerated people, 220,000 homeless people, 120,000 people living on Indian reservations, and 75,000 people in hospitals. Most are men. An estimated 0.8 million (range 0.3 million-1.5 million) are currently infected. Several additional sources of underestimation, including nonresponse bias and the underrepresentation of other groups at increased risk of hepatitis C that are not excluded from the NHANES sampling frame, were not addressed in this study. Conclusion The number of US residents who have been infected with hepatitis C is unknown but is probably at least 4.6 million (range 3.4 million-6.0 million), and of these, at least 3.5 million (range 2.5 million-4.7 million) are currently infected; additional sources of potential underestimation suggest that the true prevalence could well be higher.

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Viral Hepatitis Among Somali Immigrants in Minnesota: Association of Hepatitis C With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of viral hepatitis in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Prevalence of viral hepatitis in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Immigration and viral hepatitis

Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States

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