Viral meningitis: an overview

Kohil, Amira; Jemmieh, Sara; Smatti, Maria K.; Yassine, Hadi M.

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04891-1

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Meningitis, a common symptom of G. parasuis infection, is defined as inflammation of the meninges, and an abnormal number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid with specific clinical symptoms (5). Aseptic and bacterial meningitis vary significantly (6,7), with most cases of aseptic meningitis being associated with viral infection and generally self-limited with a good prognosis. However, bacterial meningitis requires prompt diagnosis and medical treatment but even then mortality still occurs regardless of its acute or chronic onset (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylome and Transcriptome-Based Integration Analysis Identified Molecular Signatures Associated With Meningitis Induced by Glaesserella parasuis

Li-wei

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) can elicit serious inflammatory responses and cause meningitis in piglets. Previous epigenetic studies have indicated that alterations in host DNA methylation may modify the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. However, to date, genome-wide analysis of the DNA methylome during meningitis caused by G. parasuis infection is still lacking. In this study, we employed an unbiased approach using deep sequencing to profile the DNA methylome and transcriptome from G. parasuis infected porcine brain (cerebrum) and integrated the data to identify key differential methylation regions/sites involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Results showed that DNA methylation patterns and gene expression profiles from porcine brain were changed after G. parasuis infection. The majority of the altered DNA methylation regions were found in the intergenic regions and introns and not associated with CpG islands, with only a low percentage occurring at promoter or exon regions. Integrated analysis of the DNA methylome and transcriptome identified a number of inversely and positively correlated genes between DNA methylation and gene expression, following the criteria of |log2FC| > 0.5, |diffMethy| > 0.1, and P < 0.05. Differential expression and methylation of two significant genes, semaphoring 4D (SEMA4D) and von Willebrand factor A domain containing 1 (VWA1), were validated by qRT-PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses demonstrated that DNA methylation inversely correlated genes in G. parasuis infected porcine brains were mainly involved with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, RIG-1-like receptor signaling pathways, and hematopoietic cell lineage signaling pathways. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network of differentially methylated genes found potential candidate molecular interactions relevant to the pathology of G. parasuis infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate the DNA methylome and transcriptome data from G. parasuis infected porcine brains. Our findings will help understanding the contribution of genome-wide DNA methylation to the pathogenesis of meningitis in pigs and developing epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of G. parasuis induced meningitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylome and Transcriptome-Based Integration Analysis Identified Molecular Signatures Associated With Meningitis Induced by Glaesserella parasuis

Li-wei

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…In two large case series from the 1990s, for example, the case-fatality rate for adults with bacterial meningitis was approximately 25%, and transient or permanent neurologic morbidity occurred in 21–28% of survivors [ 2 , 3 ]. This is quite different in viral CNS infections: neuroinflammation tends to be less pronounced, many cases do not require hospitalization, severe disease occurs much less frequently, and serious sequelae are less common [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The timely diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is imperative not only to institute antibiotic treatment as soon as possible [ 1 ], but also to arrange for other indicated diagnostic and therapeutic measures in a timely manner, and to avoid unnecessary use of antiviral or antifungal drugs [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Free Phosphatidylcholine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Distinguish Bacterial from Viral CNS Infections

Al-Mekhlafi

Schuchardt

Kuhn

et al. 2021

Cells

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The identification of CSF biomarkers for bacterial meningitis can potentially improve diagnosis and understanding of pathogenesis, and the differentiation from viral CNS infections is of particular clinical importance. Considering that substantial changes in CSF metabolites in CNS infections have recently been demonstrated, we compared concentrations of 188 metabolites in CSF samples from patients with bacterial meningitis (n = 32), viral meningitis/encephalitis (n = 34), and noninflamed controls (n = 66). Metabolite reprogramming in bacterial meningitis was greatest among phosphatidylcholines, and concentrations of all 54 phosphatidylcholines were significantly (p = 1.2 × 10−25–1.5 × 10−4) higher than in controls. Indeed, all biomarkers for bacterial meningitis vs. viral meningitis/encephalitis with an AUC ≥ 0.86 (ROC curve analysis) were phosphatidylcholines. Four of the five most accurate (AUC ≥ 0.9) phosphatidylcholine biomarkers had higher sensitivity and negative predictive values than CSF lactate or cell count. Concentrations of the 10 most accurate phosphatidylcholine biomarkers were lower in meningitis due to opportunistic pathogens than in meningitis due to typical meningitis pathogens, and they correlated most strongly with parameters reflecting blood–CSF barrier dysfunction and CSF lactate (r = 0.73–0.82), less so with CSF cell count, and not with blood CRP. In contrast to the elevated phosphatidylcholine concentrations in CSF, serum concentrations remained relatively unchanged. Taken together, these results suggest that increased free CSF phosphatidylcholines are sensitive biomarkers for bacterial meningitis and do not merely reflect inflammation but are associated with local disease and a shift in CNS metabolism.

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“…In fact, HSVs enter the brain mainly via the peripheral and cranial nerves. Once the viral agent enters the CNS, increased levels of chemo-attractants, neutrophils, CD8 T cells, and monocytes are detected, indicating the induction of an immune response [ 85 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aseptic Meningitis in Oral Medicine: Exploring the Key Elements for a Challenging Diagnosis: A Review of the Literature and Two Case Reports

Leuci¹,

Coppola²,

Cantile³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Aseptic meningitis (AM) is a potentially severe and life-threatening disease characterized by meningeal inflammation, usually with mononuclear pleocytosis. It represents a challenging and controversial issue in medicine for multiple etiologies, classification, and difficult diagnosis in the face of nonspecific sets of signs and symptoms. In the area of interest of oral medicine, in specific clusters of patients, even if rare, the occurrence of aseptic meningitis can pose a diagnostic and management dilemma in the following potential etiologies: (i) systemic diseases with oral and meningeal involvement, which include Behçet’s disease and Sjögren syndrome; (ii) drug-induced aseptic meningitis; (iii) aseptic viral meningitis, mostly related to herpes simplex virus infection and hand, foot, and mouth disease, caused by enteroviruses. In this review, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, incidence, treatment, and prognosis for each of these clinical entities are provided. Furthermore, two illustrative case reports are described: a patient suffering from recurrent oral ulcers, in which a sudden onset of AM allows us to diagnose Neuro Behçet’s disease, and a patient affected by pemphigus vulgaris, manifesting a drug-induced AM. Exploring this complex clinical entity scenario, it is clear that an oral medicine specialist has a place on any multidisciplinary team in making such a challenging diagnosis.

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Viral meningitis: an overview

Cited by 72 publications

References 113 publications

Methylome and Transcriptome-Based Integration Analysis Identified Molecular Signatures Associated With Meningitis Induced by Glaesserella parasuis

Methylome and Transcriptome-Based Integration Analysis Identified Molecular Signatures Associated With Meningitis Induced by Glaesserella parasuis

Elevated Free Phosphatidylcholine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Distinguish Bacterial from Viral CNS Infections

Aseptic Meningitis in Oral Medicine: Exploring the Key Elements for a Challenging Diagnosis: A Review of the Literature and Two Case Reports

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